Table 2.
Virus particle quantification techniques based on biological functions and characteristics.
| Technique | Detection Type | Counting | Time | Units | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plaque assay | Infectious virus particle | Manual | 2–14 days | pfu/mL | Baer and Kehn-Hall (2014) |
| End-point Dilution assay | Infectious virus titer for 50% CPE | Manual | Varies depending on infection time of virus | TCID50/mL | Flint et al. (2004) Reed and Muench (1938) |
| Clonogenic assay | Cell-killing particle | Manual or Automated | Based on incubation time for visible colonies (1–3 weeks for eukaryotes) | CKPs/mL | Ngunjiri et al. (2008) Franken et al. (2006) |