Table 3.
Polar lipid species from microalgae and macroalgae with reported anti-inflammatory activity. Abbreviations: DGTS—diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine, MGTS—monoacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine, MGDG—monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, MGMG—monogalactosylmonoacylglycerol, DGDG—digalactosyldiacylglycerol, SQDG—sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, PC—phosphatidylcholine, LPC—lysophosphatidylcholine, PG—phosphatidylglicerol, C—total number of carbon atoms on fatty acyl chains, N—total number of double bonds on the fatty acyl chains.
| Lipid Class | Lipid Species (C:N) | Molecular Species (sn-1/sn-2) | Algae Species | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Betaine lipids | DGTS (34:5) | DGTS (20:5/14:0) | Nannochloropsis granulata | [102] |
| DGTS (36:5) | DGTS (20:5/16:0) | |||
| DGTS (36:6) | DGTS (20:5/16:1) | |||
| DGTS (38:7) | DGTS (20:5/18:2) | |||
| DGTS (40:9) | DGTS (20:5/20:4) | |||
| DGTS (40:10) | DGTS (20:5/20:5) | |||
| MGTS (20:5) | MGTS (20:5) | Nannochloropsis sp. | [134] | |
| Glycolipids | MGDG (34:3) | MGDG (16:0/18:3) | ETS-05 cyanobacterium | [123] |
| MGDG (34:4) | MGDG (18:4/16:0) | Chondrus crispus | [97] | |
| MGDG (34:5) | MGDG (20:5/14:0) | Nannochloropsis granulata | [100] | |
| MGDG (34:7) | MGDG (18:3/16:4) | Tetraselmis chui | [99] | |
| MGDG (34:8) | MGDG (18:4/16:4) | |||
| MGDG (36:4) | MGDG (20:4/16:0) | Chondrus crispus | [97] | |
| MGDG (36:5) | MGDG (20:5/16:0) |
Chondrus crispus, Nannochloropsis granulata |
[97,100] | |
| MGDG (36:6) | MGDG (20:5/16:1) | Nannochloropsis granulata | [100] | |
| MGDG (38:7) | MGDG (20:5/18:2) | Porphyridium cruentum | [86] | |
| MGDG (40:8) | MGDG (20:4/20:4) | Chondrus crispus | [97] | |
| MGDG (40:9) | MGDG (20:5/20:4) |
Chondrus crispus, Porphyridium cruentum |
[86,97] | |
| MGDG (40:10) | MGDG (20:5/20:5) |
Chondrus crispus, Nannochloropsis granulata |
[97,100] | |
| MGMG (16:2) | MGMG (16:2) | Chlorella sorokiniana | [103] | |
| MGMG (16:3) | MGMG (16:3) | |||
| DGDG (34:4) | DGDG (16:0/18:4) | ETS-05 cyanobacterium | [123] | |
| DGDG (34:5) | DGDG (20:5/14:0) | Nannochloropsis granulata | [100] | |
| DGDG (36:4) | DGDG (20:4/16:0) |
Chondrus crispus, Porphyridium cruentum |
[86,97] | |
| DGDG (36:5) | DGDG (20:5/16:0) |
Chondrus crispus, Nannochloropsis granulata |
[97,100] | |
| DGDG (36:6) | DGDG (20:5/16:1) | Nannochloropsis granulata | [100] | |
| DGDG (38:7) | DGDG (20:5/18:2) | Porphyridium cruentum | [86] | |
| DGDG (40:10) | DGDG (20:5/20:5) | Nannochloropsis granulata | [100] | |
| DGDG (40:9) | DGDG (20:5/20:4) | Porphyridium cruentum | [86] | |
| SQDG (34:3) | SQDG (18:3/16:0) | ETS-05 cyanobacterium | [123] | |
| SQDG (34:5) | SQDG (20:5/14:0) | Palmaria palmata | [98] | |
| SQDG (36:5) | SQDG (20:5/16:0) | |||
| Phospholipids | PC (40:10) | PC (20:5/20:5) | Palmaria palmata | [98] |
| LPC (16:0) | LPC (16:0) | Cylindrotheca closterium | [118] | |
| PG (34:2) | PG (16:0/18:2) | ETS-05 cyanobacterium | [123] | |
| PG (36:6) | PG (20:5/trans-16:1) | Palmaria palmata | [98] | |
| PG (20:5/16:1) |