The phytotoxicity tests of the six NP formulations and the control groups by leaf disk assay. Note: SA-Salicylic acid 100 ppm; CS-Chitosan 100 ppm; SN-Silver nitrate 100 ppm; Pyr-Pyraclostrobin, Headline® 10 mL/20 L; Flu-Flutriafol, JOINT® 30 mL/20 L; ZON-Zinc oxide NP, ZONO-S1® 20 mL/20 L. 1 The CS (0.4 or 0.5%) and Pentasodium triphosphate (0.2 or 0.5%) were mixed with SA varying at 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% or silver nitrate varying at 1, 2, and 3 mM to prepare three formulations of CS-NP-loaded SA, named N1, N2, and N3, or three formulations of CS-NP-loaded Ag named N4, N5, and N6, respectively.