Table 4.

Key short-term pediatric TB research gaps.

Research Area	Research Gap(s)
TB preventive treatment	Tests to distinguish TB infection from TB disease, e.g., blood-based RNA tests, blood-based immune response tests, CAD and portable X-ray technologies Tests to predict risk of progression from TB infection to TB disease, e.g., blood-based host response tests Ultrashort child friendly TPT regimens for child contacts of people with drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB
TB vaccines	Pediatric investigations of TB vaccine candidate M72/AS01E
TB diagnostics	Non-invasive, non-sputum, point-of-care diagnostic tests, e.g., oral swab-based rapid molecular tests for TB detection, next generation LAM tests, etc.
TB treatment	Pediatric investigation of high dose rifapentine Pediatric investigation of pretomanid (multi-dose) Non-sputum tests to facilitate treatment monitoring and shortening, e.g., blood-based host response tests