Table 9.
Technological platforms for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates licensed or under development.
| Technological Platform | Vaccine Name | Biopharmaceutical/Institution | Target | Efficacy * | Dose/Interval | Stored |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virus inactivated | CoronaVac | SinoVac Biotech; Instituto Butantan | Whole virus | 50–90% | 2/14 days | 2−8 °C |
| BBIBP-CorV | Sinopharm | Whole virus | 79% | 2/21 days | 2−8 °C | |
| CoVaxin (BBV152 vaccine) | Bharat Biotech | Whole virus | 78–100% | 2/14 days | 2−8 °C | |
| DNA vaccine | INO-4800 | Inovio Pharmaceuticals | Spike | 95% | 2/4 weeks | room temperature stock |
| RNA vaccine | mRNA-1273 | Moderna | Spike | 95% | 2/28 days | −20 °C (6 months) |
| BNT162 | BioNTech/Pfizer | 3CLpro, NSP5, Mpro ** | 90% | 2/21 days | 2−8 °C (5 days) or −70 °C (6 months) | |
| Viral vector (non-replicating) | AZD1222 (ChAdOx-1 nCoV-19) | University of Oxford/Astra Zeneca; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-Bio-Manguinhos | Spike | 82% | 2/12 weeks | 2−8 °C |
| Ad5-nCoV | CanSino Biologics | Spike | 90% | 1 dose | 2–8 °C | |
| Ad26 (JNJ-78436735 vaccine) | Johnson & Johnson–Janssen | Undisclosed | 72% | 1 dose | 2–8 °C (6 months) or −20 ° C (two years) | |
| Viral vector (replicating) | Sputnik V vaccine | Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology | Spike | 91% | 2/21 days | 2–8 °C (6 months) or −20 °C (two years) |
| Virus-like particles (VLP) | NVX-CoV2373 | Novavax | Spike (prefusion) | 86% | 2/21 days | 2–8 °C (6 months) or −20 °C (two years) |
* Vaccine efficacy data can be different, as the protocols are not always the same, as well as the behavior of the population, which changes from country to country and even within the same country, depending on the situation of the pandemic. ** SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (3CLpro), NSP5, SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). Sources [32,35].