Table 2.

Summary of the principal findings of the morphological and genetic studies performed on oleaster so far. The corresponding references are also indicated.

Key Findings	Reference
Multiple domestication events took place in olive	Diez et al., 2015 [5] Gros-Balthazard et al., 2019 [53] Julca et al., 2020 [73]
Wild olive includes feral forms and genuine wild olives	Bronzini de Caraffa et al., 2002 [12] Baldoni et al., 2006 [34] Breton et al., 2006 [35] Chiappetta et al., 2017 [13]
Genuine oleasters show a much higher level of morphological and genetic variability compared to cultivated olives	Hannachi et al., 2009 [39] Belaj et al., 2010 [40] Belaj et al., 2011 [44] Besnard et al., 2013 [46] Díaz-Rueda et al., 2020 [24]
A constant gene flow takes place in the regions in which wild and cultivated olives coexist, making the distinction difficult between genuinely wild and feral olive	Besnard et al., 2001 [31] Bronzini de Caraffa et al., 2002 [12] Breton et al., 2006 [35] Belaj et al., 2007 [36] Boucheffa et al., 2017 [48]
Wild olive is an important source of traits related to biotic and abiotic stress tolerances.	Beghè et al., 2017 [47] Mariotti et al., 2020 [54] Falek et al., 2022 [14]