Figure 4.

Levistolide A exhibits an inhibitory effect on the PEDV-invading Vero cells. (A) Vero cells were exposed to PEDV (0.1 MOI) and treated with 80 µM LA or DMSO during 0–2 hpi, then the cultured supernatant was replaced by PEDV culture medium containing LA or DMSO at 2, 4, 6, 8 hpi. The cultured supernatant in all the groups was replaced by PEDV culture medium after 10 hpi and samples were collected at 36 hpi. (B) The viral titer determined in the PEDV strain DR13 infected Vero cells. (C) The viral titer determined in the PEDV strain YN15 infected Vero cells. Data represent the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of three independent experiments, and error bars represent standard deviation. Asterisks indicate significant differences between virus control group and each LA treated group: * p $<$ 0.05; ** p $<$ 0.01; *** p $<$ 0.001; **** p ≤ 0.0001; ns, not significant.