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. 2022 Jan 27;14(2):258. doi: 10.3390/v14020258

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Levistolide A stimulated ER stress in Vero cells. (A) Tunicamycin (TM) potently inhibited PEDV replication. Vero cells exposed to PEDV strain YN15 (0.1 MOI) were incubated with 500 nM TM, samples were collected at 12, 24, and 36 hpi for TaqMan based real-time PCR; (B) mRNA level of ER stress-related genes increased in LA Vero cells. (C) The amount of GRP78 increased by treating with LA in either PEDV or mock infected Vero cells. PEDV strain YN15 (0.1 MOI) or mock infected Vero cells were incubated with LA or DMSO for 36 hpi. Western blot was performed to assess protein expression level and β-actin was set as loading control. Bands for GRP78 were marked by a black arrow. Data represent the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of three independent experiments, and error bars represent standard deviation. Asterisks indicate significant differences between virus control group and each LA treated group: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p ≤ 0.0001; ns, not significant.