Table 1.

Summary of current pig trials (in vivo) measuring the effects of probiotics on health and productivity.

Genus	Species/Strains	Age Group	Probiotic Effects in Respect to					Ref.
			Weight Gain/Feed Intake	Feed Efficiency	Health	Immunity	Others
Bacillus/Clostridium	B. subtilis and C. butyricum	Growing-finishing pigs (GFP)	↑	↑	↑	-	↑ Meat qua	[18]
Lactobacillus/Enterococcus	L. plantarum ATCC 4336, L. fermentum DSM 20016 and E. faecium ATCC 19434	Weaned piglets (WP)	↑	↑	-	-	-	[19]
Bacillus/Saccharomyces	B. subtilis and S. boulardi	GFP	↑			-	↓ E. coli	[20]
Lactobacillus	L.plantarum ZJ316	GFP	↑	-	↑	↑	↑ Meat qua	[21]
Bifidobacterium	B. longum (AH1206)	Neonatal piglets	↔	↔	↑	↑	↑ Mucosal immune	[22]
Lactobacillus	L. fermentum	Suckling/nursery piglets	↑	↑	↑	↑	↓ Diarrhea	[23]
Lactobacillus	L. reuteri, B. subtillis and B. licheniformis	WP	↑	-	↑	↑	↓ Salmonella and E. coli	[24]
Lactobacillus	L.jensenii TL2937 (LjTL2937)	GFP	↑	↑	↑	↑	↑ Meat qua	[11]
Bacillus	B. toyonensis	WP	↑	↑	↑	-	↓ Enteric pathogens	[25]
Bacillus/Clostridium	B. coagulans, B.licheniformis, B. subtilis and C. butyricum	WP	↑	↓	↑	↑	↓ Fecal noxious gas emission	[26]
Bifidobacterium	B. longum	WP	↑	↑	↑	↑	↓ Intestinal colonization by pathogens	[27]
Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium	L. spp., B. spp.	GFP	↑	↑	↑	-	↓ Post-weaning mortality	[28]
Lactobacillus	L. salivarius FFIG71 L. salivarius FFIG131	GFP	-	-	↑	↑	-	[29]
Bacillus	B. subtilis PB6	WP	↑	↔	↑	↑	↓ Fecal ammonia and diarrhea	[30]
Lactiplantibacillus	L. plantarum N14	GFP	↑	↑	-	↑	↑ Meat qua	[31]
Lactobacillus	delbrueckii subsp. Delbrueckii TUA4408L	WP	↑	↑	↑	↑	↑ Meat qua	[32]
Lactobacillus	L. reuteri 1 (LR1)	GFP	↑	↑	-	-	↑ Meat qua	[33]
Lactobacillus	L. plantarum BG0001	WP	↑	↑	-	-	↓ Fecal E. coli	[34]

Abbreviations: ↑, increased; ↓, decreased; ↔, no significant difference between groups; -, not studied; qua, quality.