Table 1.
All viruses included in Phylogenetic trees (Figure 1 and Figure 5) with Accession Number indicated for the representative sequence used in the alignments. NTD amino acid residue regions, CTD amino acid residue regions are also denoted. N/A denotes that this domain is not present for that virus. “?” denotes that the information is unknown/unavailable in the current literature. Any other relevant binding domain information and the RCSB PDB ID used as a SWISS-MODEL [82] backbone to generate the spike glycoprotein schematic models in PyMol [61] for Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6 are denoted.
| Virus | Representative Strain | Accession | NTD | CTD | Additional Information | RCSB PDB ID | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCoV | CCoV-A76 | AY436637.1 | ? → 286 | 328 → 721 | D3 = RBD: 526 → 676 | 6JX7 | [83,84] |
| FCoV | FIPV-UU4 | MH292846.1 | 276 → 540 | 541 → 695 | Domain 0: 1 → 275; Domain A = NTD, Domain B = CTD | 6JX7 | [85] |
| 229E | 229E/HK20-42 | MT797634.1 | 48 → 268 | 297 → 434 | 6U7H | [86,87] | |
| NL63 | NL63/RPTEC/2004 | JX504050.1 | 210 → 480 | 481 → 616 | Domain 0: 1 → 178; Domain A = NTD, Domain B = CTD | 5S7S | [49,88] |
| PEDV | PEDV-CV777 | AF353511.1 | 20 → 324 | 253 → 638 | Domain 0: 1 → 219; Domain A = NTD, Domain B = CTD | 6U7K | [89] |
| PRCV | PRCV/ISU-1 | DQ811787.1 | N/A | 283 → 426 | 6JX7 | [90] | |
| SADS-CoV | SADS-CoV/CN/GDWT/2017 | AVM41569.1 | 17 → 252 | 273 → 400 | 6M39 | [91] | |
| TGEV | TGEV-Purdue P115 | DQ811788.1 | 17 → 245 | 506 → 655 | 6JX7 | [74] | |
| BCoV | BCoV-ENT (98TXSF-110-ENT) | AF391541.1 | 15 → 294 | 326 → 540 | 6OHW | [92] | |
| CRCoV | CRCoV-BJ232 | KX432213.1 | ? | ? | 6OHW | [93] | |
| HKU-1 | HKU1/human/USA/HKU1-12/2010 | KF686346.1 | 14 → 294 | 310 → 673 | 5I08 | [92] | |
| OC43 | OC43/LRTI_238 | KX344031.1 | 15 → 298 | ? | 6OHW | [92] | |
| MERS-CoV | HCoV-EMC/2012 | NC_019843.3 | 18 → 351 | 367 → 588 | RBM: 484 → 567 | 5X5F | [94] |
| MHV | MHV-JHM.IA | FJ647226.1 | 15 → 296 | 326 → 567 | 3JCL | [95] | |
| PHEV | PHEV-CC14 | MF083115.1 | 15 → 300 | 311 → 608 | 6NZK | [92] | |
| SARS-CoV | SARS-CoV/Tor2 | NC_004718.3 | 13 → 318 | 323 → 502 | 5X5B | [96] | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | SARS-CoV-2/Wuhan-Hu-1 | NC_045512.2 | 27 → 300 | 336 → 516 | 6VXX | [97] | |
| PDCoV | PDCoV/USA/Ohio137/2014 | KJ601780.1 | 52 → 277 | 302 → 422 | 6B7N | [98] | |
| IBV | IBV/M41-CK | MK728875.1 | 21 → 237 | 269 → 414 | 6CV0 | [53] |