Table 2.

Drug development with conotoxins.

	Conopeptide	Commercial Name	Comment	Target	Stage	Company	Conus Species (**)	Reference
1	α-Vc1.1	ACV1	Neuropathic pain	nAChR (α9α10)	Phase II *	Metabolic Pharmaceuticals, Melbourne, Australia	Conus victoriae (m)	[3]
2	ω-CVID	AM336	Neuropathic pain	Ca2+ channel (CaV2.2) N-type calcium channels/blocker	Phase IIa *	Relevare Pharmaceuticals LTD., Australia	Conus catus (p)	[3]
3	μO-MrVIB	CGX-1002	Neuropathic pain	Sodium channels/subtype selective blocker	Preclinical *	Cognetix Inc, Salt Lake City, USA	Conus tulipa (p)	[3]
4	Conantokin-G	CGX-1007	Intractable epilepsy / pain	NMDA receptor (NR2B)	Preclinical *	Cognetix Inc, Salt Lake City, USA	Conus geographus (p)	[3]
5	Contulakin-G	CGX-1160	Neuropathic pain	Neurotensin receptor	Phase Ib *	Cognetix Inc, Salt Lake City, USA	Conus geographus (p)	[3]
6	ω-MVIIA	SNX-III, C1002, Ziconotide, Prialt	Intractable pain	Ca2+ channel (CaV2.2) N-type calcium channels/blocker	FDA-approved	Elan Corporation (Elan Pharmaceuticals), CA, USA	Conus magus (p)	[3]
7	χ-MrIA	Xen2174	Neuropathic pain	Norepinephrine transporter/inhibitor	Phase IIa *	Xenome, Ltd., Brisbane, Qld., Australia	n.a.	[3]
8	κ-PVIIA	CGX-1051	Acute Myocardial Infarct, Cardioprotection	K+ channel (KV1)/blocker	Preclinical	n.a.	n.a.	[64]
9	n.a.	CGX-1204	Muscle relaxer / pain	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors/antagonist	Preclinical	n.a.	n.a.	[64]
10	μ-SIIIA	PEG-SIIIA	Inflammatory pain	Sodium channels/blocker	Preclinical	n.a.	n.a.	[64]
11	ρ-Conotoxin TIA	n.a.	n.a.	α-1 adrenergic receptors	Preclinical	Xenome, Ltd., Brisbane, Qld., Australia	Conus tulipa (p)	[65]
12	χ-conopeptides (χ-CTX MrIA/B)	n.a.	Neuropathic pain	Neurotransmitter transporters	Preclinical	Xenome, Ltd., Brisbane, Qld., Australia	Conus marmoreus (m)	[65]

* indicates that further research has been known as terminated; ** Prey preference for Conus species: p = piscivorous (fish-hunting); m = molluscivorous (mollusk hunting); v = vermivorous (worm-hunting).