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. 2022 Feb 19;14(2):155. doi: 10.3390/toxins14020155

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic description of the established workflow for the screening of DAvp-1. (1) Extraction of venom glands from D. acutus. (2) mRNA was extracted from the venom glands of D. acutus and transcribed into a cDNA library. (3) Construction of a phage display library using the cDNA library of D. acutus. (4) Coating TNFR1 on the ELISA plate and performing three rounds of screening towards a D. acutus. venom phage library. (5) The screened phages were sequenced, and a series of analyses were performed to obtain DAvp-1.