Figure 3.

Overview of different roles which VCP plays in the autophagy pathway. VCP regulates autophagy and autophagic substrates degradation at different steps: (1) VCP is involved in regulating activation of transcription factors as NF-κB, TFE3, and TFEB; (2) VCP cooperates in the routing to autophagy of misfolded protein aggregates and organelles including lysosomes and mitochondria; (3) VCP enhances the formation of the PI3K complex promoting autophagy initiation; (4) VCP is involved in autophagosome maturation. This figure was created using Servier Medical Art templates, which are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License; https://smart.servier.com (accessed 7 December 2021).