Table 4.
Median daily levels of food groups from 12-day 24 h DRs and 2 quantitative FFQs.
| Food Groups | Median (Interquartile) g/d | Wilcoxon Test 1st vs. 2nd FFQ |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 h DRs | 1st Quantitative FFQ | 2nd Quantitative FFQ | ||
| Original groups | ||||
| Rice | 91.5 (46.3–199.9) | 103.6 (28.6–300.0) | 107.1 (39.3–250.0) | 0.46 |
| Wheat products | 74.9 (11.9–194.4) | 42.9 (23.2–107.1) * | 42.9 (8.9–100.0) * | 0.03 * |
| Other staple foods | 24.8 (0.8–72.3) | 10.7 (0.0–50.0) * | 14.3 (7.1–50.0) | 0.05 * |
| Meat | 45.0 (25.6–67.7) | 50.0 (28.6–100.0) | 50.0 (28.6–100.0) * | 0.12 |
| Poultry | 6.2 (0.0–16.6) | 7.1 (0.0–14.3) | 7.1 (0.0–28.6) * | 0.08 |
| Fish/seafood | 8.3 (0.0–31.0) | 7.1 (0.0–28.6) | 7.1 (0.0–28.6) | 0.84 |
| Eggs | 29.6 (13.3–55.0) | 15.7 (15.7–55.0) | 31.4 (15.7–55.0) | 0.15 |
| Fresh vegetables | 33.3 (6.7–106.1) | 57.1 (14.3–107.1) * | 57.1 (28.6–142.9) * | 0.63 |
| Fresh fruit | 228.3 (66.4–306.3) | 200.0 (150.0–300.0) * | 200.0 (150.0–300.0) * | 0.29 |
| Split groups | ||||
| Soya products (excluding liquids) | 13.3 (4.2–28.8) | 7.1 (0.0–28.6) * | 7.1 (0.0–28.6) * | 0.19 |
| Soymilk | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) * | 0.28 |
| Salted vegetables | 4.2 (0.0–11.3) | 3.6 (0.0–14.3) * | 0.0 (0.0–3.6) * | <0.05 * |
| Pickled vegetables | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–3.6) * | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) * | 0.51 |
| Milk | 0.0 (0.0–20.0) | 0.0 (0.0–17.9) | 0.0 (0.0–17.9) | 0.49 |
| Yoghurt | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.28 |
| Other dairy foods | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.43 |
| Added groups | ||||
| Dried vegetables | 0.9 (0.0–2.8) | 3.6 (0.0–7.1) * | 3.6 (0.0–7.1) * | 0.06 |
| Pure fruit/vegetable juiceǂ | - | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.11 |
| Carbonated soft drinks | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) * | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) * | 0.14 |
| Other cold soft drinks | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) * | 0.03 * |
24 h DRs: 24-h dietary recalls; FFQ: food frequency questionnaire. Original groups refer to food items shared by the qualitative and quantitative FFQ. Split groups refer to food items in the qualitative FFQ but split into subgroups in the quantitative FFQ. Added groups refer to new food items in the quantitative FFQ. The weight for kappa was defined to be 1 if the frequency levels were in the same group, 0.5 if they were in adjacent groups, and 0 if they were in extreme groups. Spearman coefficients were adjusted for age, sex, and region. * Comparisons using the Wilcoxon test were significant (p < 0.05). ǂ No participants consumed pure fruit or vegetable juice in the 24 h DRs.