Table 4.
Risk factors at baseline for an increase in dental caries in logistic regression analyses.
| Total (n = 393) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Independent Variable | Adjusted Odds Ratio, * 95% Confidence Interval |
p-Value | |
| Sex | Male (reference) | 1 | |
| Female | 1.077, 0.676–1.716 | 0.755 | |
| Age (y) | 0.993, 0.743–1.328 | 0.963 | |
| Number of teeth present | 0.944, 0.810–1.100 | 0.459 | |
| DMFT score | 1.345, 1.214–1.490 | <0.001 | |
| DI-S | 1.055, 0.565–1.970 | 0.866 | |
| Malocclusion | No (reference) | 1 | |
| Yes | 1.082, 0.673–1.738 | 0.745 | |
| Knowledge of the effectiveness of fluoride | Yes (reference) | 1 | |
| No | 0.855, 0.499–1.465 | 0.569 | |
| History of topical application of fluoride in elementary, junior high, and high schools | Yes (reference) | 1 | |
| Discontinued | 0.918, 0.496–1.701 | 0.786 | |
| Never | 0.985, 0.494–1.961 | 0.965 | |
| Daily frequency of tooth brushing with a fluoride toothpaste | ≥2 (reference) | 1 | |
| <2 | 0.875, 0.555–1.378 | 0.564 | |
| Daily frequency of snacking | <2 (reference) | 1 | |
| ≥2 | 1.196, 0.707–2.031 | 0.507 | |
| Use of a dental floss | Yes (reference) | 1 | |
| No | 1.135, 0.574–2.255 | 0.718 | |
| History of orthodontic treatment | No | 1 | |
| Yes (reference) | 1.976, 1.100–3.549 | 0.023 | |
| Regular dental checkups | Yes (reference) | 1 | |
| No | 1.127, 0.647–1.978 | 0.675 | |
| Males (n = 210) | |||
| Age (y) | 1.049, 0.763–1.442 | 0.770 | |
| Number of teeth present | 0.988, 0.802–1.219 | 0.913 | |
| DMFT score | 1.312, 1.155–1.490 | <0.001 | |
| DI-S | 1.127, 0.508–2.501 | 0.768 | |
| Malocclusion | No (reference) | 1 | |
| Yes | 1.039, 0.534–2.021 | 0.911 | |
| Knowledge of the effectiveness of fluoride | Yes (reference) | 1 | |
| No | 1.062, 0.537–2.100 | 0.864 | |
| History of topical application of fluoride in elementary, junior high, and high schools | Yes (reference) | 1 | |
| Discontinued | 0.997, 0.408–2.433 | 0.995 | |
| Never | 0.817, 0.329–2.033 | 0.664 | |
| Daily frequency of tooth brushing with a fluoride toothpaste | ≥2 (reference) | 1 | |
| <2 | 1.003, 0.534–1.887 | 0.992 | |
| Daily frequency of snacking | <2 (reference) | 1 | |
| ≥2 | 2.183, 1.037–4.597 | 0.040 | |
| Use of a dental floss | Yes (reference) | 1 | |
| No | 2.537, 0.755–8.519 | 0.132 | |
| History of orthodontic treatment | No | 1 | |
| Yes (reference) | 1.125, 0.467–2.711 | 0.793 | |
| Regular dental checkups | Yes (reference) | 1 | |
| No | 0.835, 0.395–1.766 | 0.637 | |
| Females (n = 183) | |||
| Age (y) | 0.908, 0.357–2.309 | 0.839 | |
| Number of teeth present | 0.892, 0.699–1.137 | 0.355 | |
| DMFT score | 1.445, 1.208–1.729 | <0.001 | |
| DI-S | 1.023, 0.351–2.977 | 0.967 | |
| Malocclusion | No (reference) | 1 | |
| Yes | 1.064, 0.518–2.183 | 0.867 | |
| Knowledge of the effectiveness of fluoride | Yes (reference) | 1 | |
| No | 0.447, 0.165–1.209 | 0.113 | |
| History of topical application of fluoride in elementary, junior high, and high schools | Yes (reference) | 1 | |
| Discontinued | 0.924, 0.363–2.349 | 0.868 | |
| Never | 1.716, 0.539–5.461 | 0.361 | |
| Daily frequency of tooth brushing with a fluoride toothpaste | ≥2 (reference) | 1 | |
| <2 | 0.769, 0.381–1.550 | 0.462 | |
| Daily frequency of snacking | <2 (reference) | 1 | |
| ≥2 | 0.691, 0.302–1.585 | 0.383 | |
| Use of a dental floss | Yes (reference) | 1 | |
| No | 0.562, 0.206–1.529 | 0.259 | |
| History of orthodontic treatment | No (reference) | 1 | |
| Yes | 3.329, 1.392–7.966 | 0.007 | |
| Regular dental checkups | Yes (reference) | 1 | |
| No | 1.886, 0.737–4.822 | 0.185 | |
* Adjusted for all the listed independent variables; odds ratio (95% confidence interval); DMFT, decayed, missing, and filled teeth; DI-S, Debris Score-Simplified.