Table 1.
Efficiency of extraction (EEx), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity assessed with the DPPH• and ABTS•+ methods in extracts obtained from Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. herb. Explanations: EEx—calculated per dry extract obtained from 1 g of raw material; TPC—calculated as mg of GA per 1 g DE (of dry extract); TFC—calculated as mg of Q per 1 g DE; DPPH• and ABTS•+—calculated as mg of Trolox per 1 g DE. Abbreviations: W—water extracts; E—ethanol and ethanol–water extracts. The first number in the sample symbols means the percent ethanol concentration in the extraction solvent, and the extraction temperature is shown in the brackets.
| Sample | EEx (%) | TPC | TFC | DPPH• | ABTS•+ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E100 (60 °C) | 3.56 | 15.83 a ± 0.25 | 5.53 ab ± 0.15 | 10.07 a ± 0.23 | 9.90 a ± 0.01 |
| E100 (80 °C) | 5.20 | 18.48 ab ± 0.56 | 8.32 b ± 0.35 | 9.17 a ± 0.07 | 12.77 ac ± 0.00 |
| E100 (100 °C) | 6.69 | 25.03 c ± 0.14 | 8.52 b ± 0.52 | 10.28 a ± 0.46 | 12.31 ac ± 0.21 |
| E100 (180 °C) | 12.20 | 45.20 d ± 0.25 | 11.54 c ± 0.28 | 72.48 b ± 0.91 | 98.94 b ± 1.75 |
| E80 (60 °C) | 7.63 | 15.91 a ± 0.09 | 6.53 ab ± 0.06 | 19.86 cd ± 0.01 | 11.60 ac ± 0.10 |
| E80 (80 °C) | 8.07 | 14.62 a ± 0.45 | 7.46 ab ± 0.09 | 18.02 ci ± 0.09 | 14.37 c ± 0.28 |
| E80 (100 °C) | 10.00 | 33.58 e ± 0.27 | 9.43 bc ± 0.85 | 48.43 f ± 1.60 | 50.22 e ± 0.36 |
| E80 (180 °C) | 19.31 | 46.24 d ± 0.91 | 12.89 c ± 0.92 | 119.85 g ± 1.95 | 107.58 f ± 1.32 |
| E50 (60 °C) | 12.32 | 28.78 f ± 0.56 | 6.79 ab ± 0.18 | 24.84 e ± 0.52 | 34.72 g ± 0.80 |
| E50 (80 °C) | 10.15 | 31.92 e ± 0.12 | 6.92 ab ± 0.08 | 23.28 e ± 0.00 | 36.11 g ± 1.06 |
| E50 (100 °C) | 10.58 | 50.18 g ± 1.05 | 7.10 ab ± 0.24 | 24.28 e ± 1.18 | 33.61 g ± 0.83 |
| E50 (180 °C) | 31.22 | 53.43 h ± 2.05 | 11.70 c ± 0.30 | 82.63 h ± 0.90 | 81.16 h ± 3.81 |
| W (60 °C) | 15.23 | 19.69 b ± 0.24 | 4.10 a ± 0.21 | 15.22 i ± 0.71 | 38.61 d ± 0.48 |
| W (80 °C) | 16.58 | 22.88 c ± 1.00 | 3.66 a ± 0.25 | 16.27 i ± 0.67 | 42.16 j ± 0.34 |
| W (100 °C) | 17.50 | 20.89 b ± 0.23 | 5.35 ab ± 0.19 | 21.71 de ± 0.94 | 34.57 g ± 1.88 |
| W (180 °C) | 38.24 | 16.87 a ± 0.31 | 7.26 b ± 0.27 | 79.94 h ± 1.12 | 88.12 i ± 1.26 |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3) and evaluated by one-way ANOVA test (post-test: Tukey). Different superscript letters (a–j) in the same column denote significant differences at p < 0.05.