Table 4.

Content of phenolic acids and flavonoids in some extracts obtained from the herb of Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Mean values of three tests (n = 3) with standard deviation (±SD). Abbreviations: <LOQ—limit of quantitation; N/D—not detected; for the other abbreviations, see Table 1.

Compound/Sample	E100 (60 °C)	E100 (180 °C)	E80 (60 °C)	E80 (180 °C)	E50 (60 °C)	E50 (180 °C)	W (60 °C)	W (180 °C)
Phenolic acids (μg/g of dry extract)
Salicylic	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ
4-hydroxybenzoic	340.5 ± 0.2	35.1 ± 1.2	260.0 ± 4.4	<LOQ	317.0 ± 1.8	9.1 ± 0.2	521.0 ± 3.8	<LOQ
Gentistic	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	N/D	<LOQ	N/D	<LOQ
Protocatechuic	92.1 ± 0.8	128.5 ± 1.7	86.5 ± 4.1	105.5 ± 2.0	N/D	79.2 ± 3.5	N/D	81.4 ± 3.9
p-coumaric	97.8 ± 4.6	117.0 ± 0.0	135.0 ± 2.1	86.3 ± 2.4	157.5 ± 2.2	111.5 ± 1.9	N/D	144.5 ± 0.5
Vanillic	25.3 ± 0.8	<LOQ	<LOQ	N/D	N/D	N/D	<LOQ	N/D
Gallic	<LOQ	N/D	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ
Caffeic	N/D	N/D	<LOQ	<LOQ	N/D	<LOQ	N/D	N/D
Syringic	27.1 ± 1.2	47.3 ± 0.4	77.9 ± 1.8	<LOQ	N/D	<LOQ	N/D	37.9 ± 1.8
Ferulic	N/D	N/D	N/D	N/D	N/D	N/D	N/D	<LOQ
Flavonoids (µg/g of dry extract)
Astragalin	132.5 ± 1.6	297.0 ± 0.5	288.0 ± 2.5	130.5 ± 4.9	109.5 ± 0.6	82.0 ± 3.9	N/D	N/D
Tiliroside	514.0 ± 0.7	591.5 ± 0.6	1565.0 ± 0.5	205.5 ± 1.0	1237.5 ± 4.9	193.0 ± 1.5	<LOQ	<LOQ
Narcissin	46.7 ± 2.2	80.4 ± 1.1	118.0 ± 3.6	59.1 ± 2.7	98.2 ± 4.8	54.8 ± 2.5	30.4 ± 0.3	26.2 ± 0.9
Rutin	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ
Quercetin	N/D	248.5 ± 0.9	29.1 ± 1.3	296.5 ± 1.1	N/D	316.0 ± 0.9	N/D	2.7 ± 0.5
Kaempferol	<LOQ	37.2 ± 0.6	21.5 ± 0.6	27.2 ± 0.0	<LOQ	36.3 ± 0.4	<LOQ	<LOQ
Isorhamnetin	<LOQ	55.8 ± 0.4	12.8 ± 0.3	51.2 ± 2.1	N/D	61.7 ± 0.3	N/D	<LOQ
Apigenin	<LOQ	14.3 ± 0.4	<LOQ	5.9 ± 0.2	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ
Prunetin	2.1 ± 0.1	2.4 ± 0.1	3.6 ± 0.2	3.5 ± 0.1	1.8 ± 0.0	1.9 ± 0.0	1.7 ± 0.0	1.7 ± 0.1
Luteolin	N/D	<LOQ	N/D	N/D	N/D	N/D	N/D	<LOQ
Rhamnetin	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ