Figure 3.

Protein corona formation on the surface of NPs. The corona effect occurs when nanoparticles enter the physiological environment. Protein corona and nanoparticles interact, and the adsorption of some proteins produces innate immune reactions such as complement activation and phagocytosis. Later, immunotoxicity reactions occur in some organs and systems. It is also possible to improve NPs’ behavior in the organism by regulating the corona proteins by appropriate surface modification and NP selection. Structural studies with NPs have demonstrated how to manage this biological phenomenon. It is even possible to design and construct special nanomaterials or functional groups and molecules that allow passage through the protein corona. Thus, protein-nanoparticle corona complexes provide design insights for new forms of encapsulation with NPs. Created with BioRender.com (accessed on 10 December 2021).