Figure 4.

Effect of simulated microgravity on the migration (A,C) and the invasion (B,D) of human dermal fibroblasts. Transwell migration and invasion assays were performed on human fibroblasts exposed to the RPM for 24 h, 72 h, and after recovery experiments. Images were obtained by optical microscopy with 100× magnification. Values are expressed as a fold increase of on-ground control (OG). Each column represents the mean value ± SD of four independent experiments performed in duplicate with SD represented by vertical bars. ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 versus OG; ^§ p < 0.05; ^§§§ p < 0.001 versus RPM 24 h by ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test.