Table 3.
Association between parameters and KSD in multivariate binary logistic analysis (N = 43,636).
| Parameters | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|
| Age (per 1 year) | 1.026 (1.022 to 1.030) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (per 1 unit) | 1.031 (1.021 to 1.041) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status, ever (vs. never) | 1.117 (1.043 to 1.196) | 0.002 |
| Alcohol status, ever (vs. never) | 0.910 (0.837 to 0.989) | 0.026 |
| Physical activity, yes (vs. no) | 0.927 (0.868 to 0.991) | 0.026 |
| Married, yes (vs. no) | 1.471 (1.297 to 1.669) | <0.001 |
| Education status, ≤elementary school (vs. others) | 0.990 (0.934 to 1.050) | 0.748 |
| SBP (per 1 unit) | 0.993 (0.990 to 0.996) | <0.001 |
| DBP (per 1 unit) | 1.015 (1.011 to 1.019) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, yes (vs. no) | 1.588 (1.466 to 1.720) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, yes (vs. no) | 1.128 (0.990 to 1.285) | 0.070 |
| Dyslipidemia, yes (vs. no) | 1.288 (1.171 to 1.418) | <0.001 |
| Gout, yes (vs. no) | 1.390 (1.265 to 1.527) | <0.001 |
| White blood counts (per 109/L) | - | - |
| Red blood counts (per 1012/L) | - | - |
| Platelet (per 109/L) | 0.999 (0.999 to 1.000) | 0.039 |
| Hb (per 1 unit) | - | - |
| Albumin (per 1 unit) | 1.065 (0.923 to 1.228) | 0.388 |
| Fasting glucose (per 1 unit) | 1.000 (0.998 to 1.002) | 0.818 |
| HbA1c (per 1 unit) | 0.967 (0.912 to 1.025) | 0.261 |
| Total cholesterol (per 1 unit) | 0.996 (0.992 to 0.998) | 0.013 |
| TG (per 1 unit) | 1.001 (1.000 to 1.001) | 0.053 |
| HDL (per 1 unit) | 1.001 (0.996 to 1.006) | 0.623 |
| LDL (per 1 unit) | 1.004 (1.000 to 1.007) | 0.037 |
| Creatinine (per 1 unit) | 1.064 (0.985 to 1.034) | 0.065 |
| UA (per 1 unit) | 1.009 (0.985 to 1.034) | 0.468 |
| Betel nut status, ever (vs. never) | 1.094 (1.001 to 1.196) | 0.047 |
Abbreviations: as Table 1 and CI: confidence interval. Adjusting for age, smoking status, alcohol status, physical activity, marital status, educational status, body mass index, SBP, DBP, history of hypertension, history of dyslipidemia, history of diabetes mellitus, history of gout, platelet count, HbA1c, serum fasting glucose, total cholesterol, TG, LDL, HDL, serum albumin, creatinine, and UA.