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Characterization of GQDs. (a) Schematic diagram of the GQDs synthesis pathway. (b) XRD pattern of GQDs. (c) Raman spectrum of GQDs. (d) FTIR spectra of GQDs. (e) Survey XPS spectrum. (f) High-resolution C1s spectrum. (g) High-resolution N1s spectrum. (h) High-resolution O1s spectrum.
