Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the study cohort-treatment applied before hospitalization.
| Low Risk (0–1) |
Medium Risk (2–3) |
High Risk (>4) |
OMNIBUS p-Value |
p-Value (for Post-Hoc Analysis) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables, Units (N) |
n/N (% of Risk Category) | n/N (% of Risk Category) | n/N (% of Risk Category) | ||
| Treatment applied before hospitalization | |||||
|
ACEI (1047) |
66/376 (17.55%) | 96/419 (22.91%) | 106/252 (42.06%) | <0.0001 | 0.2230 a
<0.0001 b,c |
|
ARBs (1047) |
31/376 (8.24%) | 34/419 (8.11%) | 29/252 (11.51%) | 0.2721 | N/A |
|
MRAs (1047) |
9/376 (2.39%) | 26/419 (6.21%) | 43/252 (17.06%) | <0.0001 |
0.04377 a
<0.0001 b,c |
|
Sacubitril/valsartan (1047) |
1/376 (0.27%) | 3/419 (0.72%) | 1/252 (0.4%) | 0.8502 | N/A |
|
β-blocker (1047) |
93/376 (24.73%) | 141/419 (33.65%) | 143/252 (56.75%) | <0.0001 |
0.02232 a
<0.0001 b,c |
|
Digitalis glycoside (1047) |
3/376 (0.8%) | 5/419 (1.2%) | 10/252 (3.97%) | 0.0129 | 1.0 a
0.0259 b 0.0844 c |
|
Calcium channel blocker (non-dihydropiridines) (1047) |
6/376 (1.6%) | 10/419 (2.39%) | 13/252 (5.16%) | 0.0236 | 1.0 a
0.0614 b 0.2718 c |
|
Calcium channel blocker (dihydropiridines) (1047) |
44/376 (11.7%) | 69/419 (16.47%) | 69/252 (27.38%) | <0.0001 |
<0.0001 a.b
0.00467 c |
|
α-adrenergic blocker (1047) |
45/376 (11.9%) | 34/419 (8.11%) | 39/252 (14.2%) | <0.0001 | 0.2065 a
<0.0001b 0.0030 c |
|
Thiazide or thiazide-like diuretic (1047) |
30/376 (7.97%) | 43/419 (10.26%) | 32/252 (12.7%) | 0.152 | N/A |
|
Loop diuretic (1047) |
22/376 (5.85%) | 50/419 (11.93%) | 73/252 (28.97%) | <0.0001 |
0.0127 a
<0.0001 b,c |
|
Statin (1047) |
59/376 (15.69%) | 106/419 (25.3%) | 113/252 (44.84%) | <0.0001 |
0.0035 a
<0.0001 b,c |
|
Acetylsalicylic acid (1047) |
40/376 (10.64%) | 79/419 (18.85%) | 72/252 (28.57%) | <0.0001 |
0.005 a
<0.0001 b 0.0143 c |
|
The second antiplatelet drug-P2Y12 inhibitor (1047) |
3/376 (0.8%) | 6/419 (1.43%) | 20/252 (7.94%) | <0.0001 | 1.0 a
<0.0001 b 0.00017 c |
|
LMWH (1047) |
30/376 (8.0%) | 35/419 (8.35%) | 24/252 (9.52%) | 0.7856 | N/A |
|
VKA (1047) |
4/376 (1.06%) | 13/419 (3.1%) | 21/252 (8.33%) | <0.0001 | 0.2464 a
<0.0001b 0.00149 c |
|
NOAC (1047) |
9/376 (2.39%) | 33/419 (7.88%) | 49/252 (19.44%) | <0.0001 |
0.003 a
<0.0001b, c |
|
Insulin (1047) |
30/376 (7.98%) | 23/419 (5.49%) | 32/252 (12.7%) | 0.0041 | 0.6203 a
0.2123 b 0.0049 c |
|
Metformin (1047) |
56/376 (14.89%) | 58/419 (13.84%) | 44/252 (17.46%) | 0.4437 | N/A |
|
SGLT2 inhibitor (1047) |
3/376 (0.8%) | 5/419 (1.19%) | 9/252 (3.57%) | 0.0274 | 1.0 a
0.0504 b 0.1487 c |
|
Oral antidiabetics other than SGLT2 inhibitor and metformin (1047) |
19/376 (5.05%) | 33/419 (7.88) | 24/252 (9.52%) | 0.0874 | N/A |
|
Proton pump inhibitor (1047) |
30/376 (8.0%) | 61/419 (14.56%) | 80/252 (31.75%) | <0.0001 |
0.0154 a
<0.0001 b,c |
|
Oral corticosteroid (1047) |
18/376 (4.79%) | 21/419 (5.01%) | 4/252 (1.59) | 0.068 | N/A |
|
Immunosuppression other than oral corticosteroid (1047) |
11/376 (2.93%) | 17/419 (4.06%) | 1/252 (0.37%) | 0.0194 | 1.0 a
0.146 b 0.0284 c |
Categorized variables are presented as: a number with a percentage. Information about the numbers with valid values is provided in the left column. Abbreviations: N—valid measurements. n—number of patients with parameter above the cut-off point. ACEI—angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors. ARBs—angiotensin receptor blockers. MRAs—mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. LMWH—low molecular weight heparin. VKA—vitamin K antagonists. NOAC—novel oral anticoagulants. SGLT2 inhibitors—sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors. N/A—non-applicable. a—low risk vs. medium risk. b—low risk vs. high risk. c—medium risk vs. high risk. Bold text—statistically significant values.