Cdc42p mutants causing specific defects in yeast development. (A) Haploid invasive growth of strains expressing wild-type CDC42 (wt), CDC42I46M (I46M), or CDC42S71P (S71P). Plasmids carrying the different CDC42 alleles were introduced into the haploid cdc42Δ strain RH2197 (MATα) by plasmid shuffling. Resulting strains were patched on SC−Leu medium for 4 days. After incubation, the plate was photographed before (Total growth) and after (Invasive growth) cells were washed off the agar surface. (B) Pseudohyphal development of diploid strains expressing wild-type CDC42 (wt), CDC42L160P (L160P), or CDC42N92D (N92D). Plasmids carrying the different CDC42 alleles were introduced into the diploid cdc42Δ/cdc42Δ strain RH2199. Resulting strains were streaked to obtain single colonies on nitrogen starvation medium (SLAD+Ura). Plates were incubated at 30°C, and representative colonies were photographed after 3 days of growth. Bar, 100 μm.