Table 8.

LLA and LSA mean errors for our proposed technique are 0.29° and 0.38°, respectively, while [18] has mean errors of 2.61° and 2.01° for LLA and LSA. The first two techniques are applied on the same dataset. Cho et al. [65] and Suri et al. [64] have relatively larger LLA mean errors.

	Modalities	Techniques	mAP	Mean Error
				LLA	LSA
Our proposed technique	MRI	YOLOV5-HED-UNET	0.975	0.29°	0.38
Masood et al. [18]	MRI	Resnet-UNET	-	2.61°	2.01°
Suri et al. [64]	MRI	Neural Networks	-	2.90°	-
	CT		-	2.26°	-
	Xray		-	3.60°	-
Cho et al. [65]	Xray	UNET	-	8.05°	-