Table 2.
Summary of study investigating the effects of resistant starch intake in either aged human or animal subjects.
| Reference | Subject | Type of Resistant Starch |
Methods | Effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [104] | Elderly (≥70 years old) compared to middle-aged adults (30–50 years old) | MSPrebiotic® ** | Prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blinded study, 30 g of RS intervention for 3 months. | ↑ bifidobacteria ↓ Proteobacteria dysbiosis |
| [105] | Elderly (≥70 years old) |
MSPrebiotic® ** | Prospective, blinded, placebo-controlled study, 30 g of RS consumption for 12 weeks. |
↓ blood glucose and insulin resistance (↓ type-2 diabetes risk in elderly) |
| [103] | Healthy 18-month-old mice * | HAMRS2 | High-fat diet, supplemented with 20% of RS2 for 16 weeks. | ↓ systemic endotoxemia expression, pro-inflammatory cytokines (LPS, IL-2, IL-4) ↑ gut barrier function ↓ pathogen related to obesity, inflammation, and aging |
| [106] | Healthy 18 to 20-month-old mice * | HAMRS2 | 0, 18, and 36% of HAMRS2 diet for 10 weeks. | ↑ gut microbial fermentation ↑ cecal proglucagon (recuperate aging-related decline in glucose tolerance) |
| [107] | 18 to 20-month-old mice * | HAMRS2 | 0, 18, and 36% of HAMRS2 intervention for 10 weeks. | ↑ Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium spp., Akkermansia spp., and Allobaculum spp. ↑ proglucagon level |
| [108] | 11.5-year-old dogs | RS | Feed added with 1.46% RS was given for 51 days. | ↑ fecal butyrate and total SCFA concentrations |
* Mice 18 to 20 months of age are equivalent to 60–66-year-old humans [74]. ** MSPrebiotic® is a commercial resistant starch product containing 70% RS2 from Solanum tuberosum extract [105]. HAMRS2: high amylose maize resistant starch type 2; RS: resistant starch; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; SCFA: short-chain fatty acid. ↑: increase, ↓: reduce or decrease.