Figure 1.

Schematic representation of A. fumigatus-induced airway wall remodelling. Compared with the healthy airway, a fungal-sensitised asthmatic airway displays extensive inflammation and remodelling. Airway remodelling includes areas of damaged epithelium coupled with goblet cell hyperplasia and excess mucus secretion which likely facilitates fungal growth. Coupled with increased inflammation, activation of fibroblasts and expansion of smooth muscle cells results in airway narrowing with possible luminal obstruction. Image generated in BioRender.