Table 2.
Distribution of different antibiotic resistance genes in 2014 and 2018.
| Resistance Genes Group | Resistance Gene | Total Number of Isolates (n = 256), n (%) | Number of Isolates in 2014 (n = 91), n (%) | Number of Isolates in 2018 (n = 165), n (%) | % of Increase (+%)/or Decrease (−%) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β-lactams resistance genes | NDM | 252 (98.4%) | 88 (96.7%) | 164 (99.4%) | +2.7% | >0.05 |
| KPC | 186 (72.7%) | 37 (40.7%) | 149 (90.3%) | +49.6% | 0.00002 | |
| TEM | 253 (98.8%) | 90 (98.9%) | 163 (98.8%) | +0.1% | >0.05 | |
| AIM | 249 (97.3%) | 89 (97.8%) | 160 (96.7%) | −1.1% | >0.05 | |
| CTX-M-1 | 87 (34%) | 45 (49.5%) | 42 (25.5%) | −24% | 0.009 | |
| CTX-M-2 | 35 (13.7%) | 11 (12.1%) | 24 (14.5%) | +2.4% | >0.05 | |
| CTX-M-9 | 232 (90.6%) | 90 (98.9%) | 142 (86.1%) | −12.8% | >0.05 | |
| IMP | 227 (88.7%) | 77 (84.6%) | 150 (90.9%) | +6.3% | >0.05 | |
| VIM | 134 (52.3%) | 36 (39.5%) | 98 (59.4%) | +19.9% | 0.050 | |
| CMY-2 | 183 (71.5%) | 54 (59.3%) | 129 (78.2%) | +18.9% | >0.05 | |
| Sulphonamide resistance genes | sul1 | 198 (77.3%) | 63 (69.2%) | 135 (81.8%) | +12.6% | >0.05 |
| sul2 | 254 (99.2%) | 90 (98.9%) | 164 (99.4%) | +0.5% | >0.05 | |
| sul3 | 237 (92.6%) | 91 (100%) | 146 (88.5%) | −11.5% | >0.05 | |
| Aminoglycoside resistance genes | strA | 252 (97.7%) | 90 (98.9%) | 162 (98.2%) | −0.7% | >0.05 |
| strB | 254 (99.2%) | 91 (100%) | 163 (98.8%) | −1.2% | >0.05 | |
| aac3 (IV) | 45 (17.6%) | 9 (9.9%) | 36 (21.8%) | +11.9% | 0.037 | |
| aadA | 237 (92.6%) | 82 (90.1%) | 155 (93.8%) | +3.7% | >0.05 | |
| Tetracycline resistance genes | tetA | 256 (100%) | 91 (100%) | 165 (100%) | 0 | >0.05 |
| tetB | 53 (20.7%) | 23 (25.3%) | 30 (18.2%) | −7.1% | >0.05 | |
| tetC | 38 (14.8%) | 23 (25.3%) | 15 (9.1%) | −16.2% | 0.0009 | |
| Fosfomycin resistance gene | fosA | 249 (97.3%) | 88 (96.7%) | 161 (97.6%) | +0.9% | >0.05 |
| Colistin resistance gene | mrc-1 | 13 (5.1%) | 8 (8.8%) | 5 (3.03%) | −5.77% | 0.043 |