Table 1.

Weight loss, anti-obesity, and hypolipidemic properties of mushrooms.

Name of Mushroom	Summary of Methods	Outcome of Study	References
Tremella fuciformis	Water-soluble fraction obtained by water extraction and polysaccharides from ethanol extraction	The differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes was inhibited by mushroom	[74]
Agaricus bisporus	Equivalent amounts of mushroom fibre and sugar beet fibre-fed to rats for 4fourweeks; liver weight studied for both groups of rats	The cellulose powder group should higher HDL cholesterol concentration than the mushroom fibre group.	[75]
Pleurotus geesteranus	Exopolysaccharides were extracted from mushrooms and tested on diabetes-induced mice	The hypolipidemic impact of the polysaccharide explored in streptozotocin-prompted diabetic mice, diminished plasma glucose levels, all-out triacylglycerol and cholesterol focuses by 17.1%, 18.8%, and 12.0%	[76]
Hericium erinaceus	Mice were fed a high-fat diet along with extracts of Yamabushitake mushroom	A substantial diminution in increased body mass, fat weight, and triacyl-glycerol level in serum and hepatic were observed after 28 days of a high fat diet.	[77]
	Exobiopolymer extracted from mycelial culture of mushroom was studied on hyperlipidemic mice	A major reduction in the overall plasma cholesterol (32.9%), cholesterol (45.4%), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) atherogenic index (58.7%), triglyceride (34.3%), phospholipid (18.9%), and hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity (20.2%) was observed after administration of 200 mg/kg dose.	[78]
Lentinula edodes	The diet containing varying proportions of mushroom with a high-fat diet was fed to mice for 4 weeks against a normal diet and high-fat diet control.	The mRNA expression of cholesterol 7-α-hydroxylase 1 (CYP7A1) was reduced in hypercholesterolemic mice and amplified by eritadenine and L. edodes (5, 10, and 20%) supplementation. Treatments with eritadenine and L. edodes were shown to decrease lipid build-up in hepatic tissues.	[79]
	Hypercholesterolemia Albino rats were fed a diet containing fruiting bodies of mushrooms and checked for plasma and faeces biochemistry and liver histology.	A diet containing 5% L. lepideus fruiting bodies decreased total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, total lipid, phospholipids, and LDL to HDL.	[80]
	Wister rats were fed a high-fat diet and mushroom extract for 30 days, and then biochemical parameters, including the stress markers, were determined.	Lentinula edodes decreased levels of glucose and urea. Lipid peroxidation was augmented in rats receiving the HFD, and L. edodes reduced malondialdehyde levels, thus preventing fatty acid oxidation.	[81]
Lentinus lepideus	Hypercholesterolemia Albino rats were fed a diet containing mushroom fruiting bodies and checked for plasma and faeces biochemistry and liver histology.	Total plasma cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL, total lipid, phospholipids, and the LDL/HDL ratio was decreased in hypercholesterolemic rats after a diet containing 5% Lentinus edodes fruiting bodies.	[59]
Pholiota nameko SW-02	The mice hyperlipidemic model was established to study the effects of mycelia zinc polysaccharide (containing zinc, glucose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose) on lipid profile and oxidative stress.	The supplementation of mycelia zinc polysaccharide might progress blood lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C), liver lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status.	[82]
Pleurotus eryngii	Hypercholesterolemia Albino rats were fed a diet containing fruiting bodies of mushrooms and checked for plasma and faeces biochemistry and liver histology.	Total plasma cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL, total lipid, phospholipids, and the LDL/HDL ratio was decreased in hypercholesterolemic rats after a diet containing 5% Pleurotus eryngii fruiting bodies	[83]
Pleurotus ferulae	Hypercholesterolemia Albino rats were fed a diet containing mushroom fruiting bodies and checked for plasma and faeces biochemistry and liver histology.	Supplementation with 5% P. ferulae fruiting bodies to hypercholesterolemic rat decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, total lipid, phospholipids, and LDL/high-density lipoprotein ratio by 71.15%, 30.02, 49.31, 30.23, 21.93, and 65.31%, correspondingly.	[84]
Pleurotus ostreatus	Hypercholesterolemia Albino rats were fed a diet containing fruiting bodies of mushrooms and checked for plasma and faeces biochemistry and liver histology.	Total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total lipid, phospholipids, And LDL/HDL ratio was reduced in hypercholesterolemic rats after 5% powder of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies.	[85]
Pleurotus salmoneostramineus L. Vass	Hyper and normo cholesterolemia rats were fed a diet containing fruiting bodies of mushrooms and checked for plasma and faeces biochemistry and liver histology.	P. Salmoneostramineus fruiting bodies (5% administration) in hypercholesterolemic rats reduced LDL/HDL ratio, total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, total lipids, and phospholipids.	[86]
Pleurotus tuber-regium	Mushroom extracellular polysaccharides were orally administered to obese diabetes-induced mice for 8 weeks, and liver PPAR-α expression was studied.	Serum TG, LDL, and total cholesterol concentration were decreased, and HDL level was increased after P. tuber-regium.	[87]
Pleurotus ostreatus	Hypercholesterolemic Wistar rats were fed a 5% dried mushroom diet and studied for biochemical markers of cholesterol metabolism.	Pleurotus ostreatus administration reduced serum and liver cholesterol level, LDL production, cholesterol absorption, HMG-CoA activity in the liver, and redistribution of cholesterol in favor of HDL.	[88]
Adiantum capillus-veneris L.	Pharmacological modulation of pancreatic lipase and α-amylase/α-glucosidase studied using in-vitro and in vivo study on high cholesterol diet fed Wistar rats	capillus-veneris showed antiobesity and triacylglycerol-reducing effects compared to rats fed with a high cholesterol diet for 10 weeks.	[89]
Aster spathulifolius Maxim	Rats fed a diet with mushroom extract supplementation for 4.5 weeks were tested for hepatic and serum lipid levels.	Aster spathulifolius Maxim extract (ASE) treatment includes fat intake and lipogenesis-related genes. It also increases the level of phosphorylated AMPKα in obese rats.	[90]
Kluyveromyces marxianus	Hyperlipedimic rats were fed a diet supplemented with three different dosages of mushroom extract and measured for serum and hepatocyte lipid concentrations.	K. Marxianus administration significantly reduced serum and liver total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, and atherogenic index in rats while HDL cholesterol level and the anti-atherogenic index were increased.	[91]
Auricularia auricula-judae	Rats were fed with high-fat diet along with mushroom extract. The impacts on preventing hepatic steatosis were studied. In vitro study was carried out for the mechanistic study of mice adipocytes	Plasma lipid and liver enzymes were reduced after supplementation of Auricularia auricula-judae.	[92]
Collybia confluens	The effects of three weeks of mycelial powder administration on plasma glucose and biochemistry were studied on diabetic mice.	TG and TC level in the liver was decreased by Collybia confluens. AST and ALT activity was also reduced.	[93]
Cordyceps militaris SU-12	The structure of residue polysaccharides of mushrooms was studied using gas chromatography. Rat study was carried out to see its impact on plasma lipid profile and anti-oxidant potential.	Residue polysaccharide reduced blood and liver lipid levels, improving glutamate pyruvate transaminase and antioxidant activity.	[94]
Flammulina velutipes	The effect of active components in the mushroom extract was studied through administration for eight weeks into diets of hamsters. The outcomes investigated included serum and liver lipid profiling.	Flammulina velutipes (3%) powder and extract reduced the concentration of TC, TG, LDL, and HDL in the serum and liver.	[95]
Grifola frondosa	The cholesterol-lowering effects of mushroom fibre were investigated after feeding the cholesterol-free supplemented diet for four weeks. Serum cholesterol concentration and LDL receptor mRNA were determined.	Grifola frondosa fiber depressed the serum total cholesterol level by augmentation of faecal cholesterol excretion.	[96]
Auricularia polytricha	anti-hypercholesterolemic effects of the mushroom extract on hypercholesterolemic mice models were studied.	The total cholesterol in the Soluble Polysaccharide Auricularia polytricha ingestion groups considerably reduced 34.6 ± 7.6% and 33.3 ± 7.9% with doses of 4.5 and 9.0 mg/kg BW on the 29th day.	[97]
Ganoderma lucidum	Invitro analysis of mushroom extracts was carried out to determine free radical scavenging potential. In vivo antioxidant potential was determined through blood levels of stress markers in mice fed with the supplemented diet. Cardiovascular risk factors were determined through serum lipid profiling of mice	Hot water extract at 200 mg/kg b.w. lowered plasma levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and LDL cholesterol and increased HDL cholesterol.	[98]
	Ergosterol peroxide potential to inhibit triglyceride synthesis was determined at protein and mRNA levels and through differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes	The mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) stage blocked the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which play a part in cell production and the stimulation of early differentiation transcription factors. Ergosterol peroxide also significantly reduced triglyceride production and differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells.	[38]
Pleurotus eryngii	Invitro analysis was performed on DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging potential. Three-week administration of supplemented diet on hyperlipidemic mice model was carried out to investigate the antiatherogenic potential (through lipid profiling and inflammatory enzyme markers)	Hepatic lipid accumulation was significantly reduced by Pleurotus eryngii administration.	[99]
Echigoshirayukidake	Feeding supplemented diet to rat models for 15 weeks on obesity (weight gain), and insulin resistance was investigated.	Supplementation to the eating routine altogether (p < 0.01) smothered the body weight gain and furthermore instinctive fat aggregation throughout the taking care of period contrasted with the control diet	[100]
Ganoderma applanatum	The effect of feeding diet supplemented with mushroom polysaccharides for two months on serum, and tissue lipid profile and weight gain were determined	Organization of Ganoderma applanatum remove at various portion levels essentially diminished the all-out cholesterol, TG, LDL, cholesterol levels, and the atherogenic file from 50 to 150 mg/kg body weight.	[101]
Sparassis latifolia	Six weeks trial through feeding the diet supplemented with the fruiting body of mushroom was carried out. Outcome measures were weight gain, food efficiency ratio and serum lipid profile.	Significantly suppressed the occurrence of non-alcoholic fat deposits in the liver	[102]
Dictyophora indusiata	The modulatory impact of mushroom polysaccharide on obese mice model fed a high-fat diet were determined through studying the lipid profile and inflammatory markers.	Bodyweight, adipocyte size, fat accumulation, adipogenic and liver-associated markers, glucose levels, endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharide, LPS) levels, and inflammatory cytokines were diminished significantly. Furthermore, the study exposed that Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide treatment inverted the dynamic variations of the gut microbiome community by causing a decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio	[103]
Flammulina velutipes	Mushroom chitosan fed for five weeks to rats was tested for its effects on serum lipid profile, liver function enzyme markers, and weight gain.	Mushroom chitosan complex acted to stifle amplification of the liver from fat affidavit coming about due to a high-fat eating routine and re-establish hepatic capacity. The lipid content of dung indicated a stamped increment corresponded with the mushroom chitosan portion.	[104]
Grifola gargal	A human clinical trial was performed to study the effect of four weeks of feeding the mushroom extract on Triglyceride levels. The mice model was also used to study blood glucose, triglyceride, and adipose tissues.	Decreased blood glucose and fatty oil levels, and fat tissue. Grifola gargal (2.0 mg/mL) essentially stifled the expression of the cytokine interleukin-6 in 3T3-L1 cells contrasted and control cells.	[105]
F. velutipes, H. marmoreus, L. edodes, G. frondosa and P. eryngii	Lipid metabolism was investigated in mice fed with Japanese mushrooms.	Utilization advanced the corruption of lipids in instinctive fat and restricted the ingestion of food lipids. Also, the high-fat eating routine that took care of gathering exhibited higher convergences of phospholipids; some of them had odd-chain unsaturated fats.
Pleurotus eryngii	Effect of feeding mushroom supplemented diet to mice models was investigated on obesity (adipose tissues and blood parameters) and gut microbiota (gene sequencing)	Serum all out cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels diminished, and lipid and complete bile acids in dung expanded	[106]
Ganoderma resinaceum	The antiobesity effect of the biologically active component was determined using extensive spectroscopic analysis. In vitro analysis was also performed on brown adipocytes.	Resinacein S reduced lipid drops size by overseeing lipid absorption anyway didn’t impact the detachment of C3H10T1/2 cells. Resinacein S extended the assertion of brown and beige adipocytes markers and updated the activity of brown and beige adipocytes in isolated C3H10T1/2 cells.	[107]