Table 2.

Effect of various mushrooms on gut microbiota.

Name of Mushroom	Effect on Gut Microbiota	References
Pleurotus eryngii	P. eryngii polysaccharides altered the abundance of SCFA producing gut bacteria	[106]
Pleurotus sajor-caju	Growth of SCFA producing bacteria was reduced, and E.Shigella was decreased by Pleurotus sajor-caju.	[113]
Flammulina velutipes	increase in lactic acid-producing bacteria (Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Streptococcus) and SCFA-producing bacteria (Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, and Ruminococcus)	[119]
Hypsizygus marmoreus
Lentinusedodes
Grifola frondosa
Pleurotus eryngii
Ganoderma lucidum	G. lucidum enhanced SCFAs producing bacteria and abridged sulfate-reducing bacteria in a time-dependent manner	[120]
Lentinula edodes	LESDF-3 was found to stimulate the synthesisof Bacteroides	[121]
Bulgaria inquinans	increase of Faecalibaculum and Parabacteroides abundance and the decrease of Allobaculum, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, and Rikenella abundance at the genus level	[122]
Ganoderma lucidum	There was an increase in Bacteroides/Firmicutes ratio, Clostridium clusters IV, XVIII, XIVa (Roseburia spp.), Eubacterium spp.) SCFAs production bacteria, reduction in Oscillibacter spp. and E. fergusonii.	[40]
	Increase in Alloprevotella, Barnesiella, Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, Bacteroidales S24-7 and Alistipe. Decrease in Blautia, Roseburia, and Enterorhabdus.	[123]
	Increase in Blautia, Bacteroides Dehalobacterium, and Parabacteroides, Decrease in Proteus, Aerococcus, Ruminococcus, and Corynebactrium.	[124]
	Increase in Alloprevotella, Prevotella, Ruminococcus and, Alistipes, Peptococcaceae, Alloprevotella, and Defluviitalea,; Decrease in Turicibacter, Clostridium XVIII and Phascolarctobacterium.	[125]
Grifola frondosa	Increase in Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Roseburia intestinalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Bacteroides acidifaciens.	[124]
	Increase in Barnesiella Helicobater, Intestinimonas, Defluvitalea, Flavonifractor and Paraprevotella and Ruminococcus. Decrease in Butyricicoccus, Clostridium-XVI, and Turicibacter.	[126]
	Increase in Alistipes. Decrease in Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Staphlococcus, and Aerococcus.	[127]
	An increase in Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio increased the abundance of Oscillibacter, Defluvitalea, and Barnesiella.	[128]
	Increase in Intestinimonas and Butyricimonas. Decrease in Turicibacter and Clostridium XVIII.	[129]
Phellinus linteus	Increase in Lachnospiraceae-NK4A136, Roseburia, Prevotella Lachnospiraceae-UCG-006, Anaerotruncus, Blautia, Eubacterium_xylanophilum, Ruminiclostridium-9, and Oscillibacter.	[130]
Coriolus versicolor	Increase in Akkermansia muciniphila	[131]
Hericium erinaceus	Increase in Bifidobacterium, Coprococcus, Desulfovibrio, Lactobacillus, Parabacteroides, Prevotella; Decrease in Corynebacterium, Dorea, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, Staphylococcus, Sutterella	[132]
Ganoderma lucidum	Increase in Firmicutes, Proteobacteria (Helicobacter), Rikenella; Decrease in Acinetobacter, Actinobacteria (Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium), Bacteroidetes (Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Prevotella), Blautia, Brevundimonas, Clostridium, Coprobacillus, Cyanobacteria, Facklamia, Jeotgalicoccus, Sporosarcina, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus	[133]
Boletus edulis, Boletus pinophilus, Boletus aureus (Porcini), Armillaria mellea(Honey fungus), Lactarius piperatus (blancaccio), Pleurotus eryngii (King oyster)	Increase in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera	[134]
Cyclocybe cylindracea (poplar mushroom), Hericium erinaceus, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster mushroom)	Increase in Bifidobacterium spp. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (Ruminococcaceae), Eubacterium rectale/Roseburia spp.	[135]
Flammulina velutipes (Enoki), Hypsizygus marmoreus, (White beech mushroom), Lentinula edodes (Shiitake), Grifola frondosa, (Maitake) Pleurotus eryngii	Increase in Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus	[119]