Table 1.
Summary of presented cases of new-onset renal histopathology.
| Pathologic Diagnosis | Age/ Sex |
Clinical Presentation | Underlying Diseases | Types of Vaccine/ Manufacturer/ Dose |
Symptom Onset Time/Biopsy Time after Vaccination, Days | Kidney Histopathology | Scr at Baseline, mg/dL | Scr at Biopsy, mg/dL | UPCR at Biopsy, g/gCr | Treatment | Response (Follow-Up Duration after Diagonsis) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IgA nephropathy, Haas III (M0E1C1S1T0) | 42/F | Gross hematuria | None | mRNA/ Moderna (Cambridge, MA, USA)/ 2nd |
1/54 | LM: mesangial hypercellular with increased mesangial matrix, cellular crescent, segmental sclerosis, endocapillary proliferation IF: IgA 3+, C3 1+, kappa 2+, lambda 2+ EM: many large mesangial electron dense deposits, focal foot process loss |
0.47 at 5 weeks before biopsy | 0.45 | 1.67 | RASi | PR (11 weeks) |
| Minimal change disease | 52/M | Nephrotic syndrome | None | Vector/ Janssen (Raritan, NJ, USA)/ 1st |
7/33 | LM: normal glomeruli, intact tubules and interstitium IF: all negative EM: diffuse foot process loss |
NA (normal) | 1.96 | 7.12 | High-dose steroid treatment | CR (31 weeks) |
| Chronic thrombotic microangiopathy | 69/F | Acute kidney injury | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Vector/ AstraZeneca (Cambridge, UK)/ 1st |
2/14 | LM: diffuse thickening of the capillary wall with capillary loop doubling, hyaline thrombi in glomeruli, intact tubules and interstitium, mild infiltration of lymphocytes in the interstitium, arterial fibrointimal thickening IF: fibrinogen 3+ in the glomeruli EM: duplications of the glomerular basement membranes with cellular interpositions, endothelial swelling and hypertrophy with occlusion of the lumens, glomerular intracapillary fibrin deposition with entrapped cellular debris, diffuse foot process loss |
0.80 at 1 year before biopsy | 3.69 | 5.20 | None | SR (21 weeks) |
| Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis | 44/M | Acute kidney injury | Type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic hepatitis B, hyperlipidemia | mRNA/ Moderna (Cambridge, MA, USA)/ 1st |
1/28 | LM: normal glomeruli, mild IF/TA, massive mixed inflammatory cell infiltrates in the tubular epithelium (tubulitis) and interstitium IF: all negative EM: normal glomeruli |
0.91 at 10 weeks before biopsy | 4.94 | 1.01 | High-dose steroid treatment | PR (11 weeks) |
| Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis with myoglobin tubular casts | 77/F | Acute kidney injury | Chronic hepatitis B, hepatocellular carcinoma, type 2 diabetes mellitus | mRNA/ Pfizer (New York, NY, USA)/ 2nd |
1/14 | LM: normal glomeruli, mild IF/TA, infiltration of the inflammatory cells in the interstitium, myoglobin casts in the tubules IF: all negative EM: electron dense granular casts in tubules, focal foot process loss |
0.98 at 12 weeks before biopsy | 11.15 | 4.63 | Low-dose steroid treatment, hemodialysis | PR (23 weeks) |
Abbreviations: Scr, serum creatinine; UPCR, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio; M, mesangial hypercellularity; E, endocapillary hypercellularity; C, crescents; S, segmental glomerulosclerosis; T, tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis; LM, light microscopy; IF, immunofluorescence; EM, electron microcopy; RASi, renin angiotensin system inhibitor; PR, partial remission; CR, complete remission; SR, spontaneous remission; IF/TA, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis.