Table 3.
Annual healthcare resource utilization of women diagnosed with endometriosis compared to matched controls.
| Annual Healthcare Resource Utilization | Endometriosis (n = 6146) | Controls (n = 24,572) | Adj. OR (95%CI) * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Visits to gynecologist | ≥1 visit | 68.1% | 55.5% | 1.7 (1.6–1.8) |
| ≥5 visits | 19.3% | 13.2% | 1.6 (1.5–1.7) | |
| Median (IQR) | 1 (0–4) | 1 (0–3) | ||
| Visits to family physician or pediatrician | ≥1 visit | 94.8% | 89.6% | 1.9 (1.7–2.2) |
| ≥5 visits | 67.5% | 53.3% | 1.8 (1.7–1.9) | |
| Median (IQR) | 7 (3–12) | 5 (2–10) | ||
| Hospitalizations | ≥1 | 12.5% | 6.0% | 2.3 (2.1–2.5) |
| ≥2 | 3.0% | 1.0% | 3.2 (2.6–3.9) | |
| ER admissions | ≥1 | 8.1% | 4.9% | 1.7 (1.5–1.9) |
| ≥2 | 1.9% | 1.0% | 1.9 (1.5–2.3) | |
| Insertion of hormone-releasing IUD | 1.2% | 1.2% | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | |
| Oral contraceptives | Any | 23.6% | 15.6% | 1.8 (1.6–1.9) |
| Progesterone-only | 4.8% | 2.8% | 1.8 (1.5–2.0) | |
| Hormonal med. | Gonadotropins | 4.9% | 1.5% | 3.2 (2.8–3.8) |
| Pain medication | Cox-2 inhibitors | 3.2% | 2.1% | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) |
| NSAIDs | 9.7% | 6.5% | 1.6 (1.4–1.8) | |
| PAR, ASA, or dipyrone | 7.8% | 6.0% | 1.4 (1.2–1.5) | |
| Codeine with PAR or ASA | 3.4% | 2.3% | 1.6 (1.3–1.8) | |
| Tramadol | 0.9% | 0.4% | 2.3 (1.6–3.2) | |
| Antidepressants | Any type | 11.8% | 8.6% | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) |
| Imaging | MRI | 0.6% | 0.1% | 10.3 (5.6–19.0) |
| TVUS/pelvic/genital US | 41.1% | 30.4% | 1.6 (1.5–1.7) | |
| (>1 US) | (15.0%) | (7.7%) | ||
| E-TVUS | 3.1% | 0.0% † | 29.5 (19.4–44.8) | |
| Laboratory testing | LH or FSH | 16.4% | 9.3% | 1.9 (1.7–2.0) |
| CA-125 | 10.9% | 2.0% | 5.9 (5.2–6.7) | |
| CA-15.3 | 2.9% | 0.9% | 3.2 (2.6–3.9) | |
| CBC | 73.2% | 62.2% | 1.6 (1.5–1.7) | |
| HG ≤ 11 | 50.4% | 43.4% | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | |
| Iron | 31.2% | 24.5% | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) | |
ER, emergency room; IUD, intrauterine device; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PAR, paracetamol; ASA, acetylsalicylic acid; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; LH, luteinizing hormone; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; CA-125, cancer antigen 125; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; US, ultrasound; TVUS, transvaginal US; E-TVUS, dedicated endometriosis TVUS; SES, socioeconomic status; BMI, body mass index; HG, Hemoglobin ≤11 at least once within 5y; IQR; interquartile range. * OR from conditional logistic regression, adjusted for SES and BMI. † Includes one patient whose endometriosis diagnosis was confirmed by US in free text only. Boldface indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05).