Table 2.
An overview of recent studies in the development of microalgae and probiotics co-cultivation. The table shows process parameters and inoculation ratios, as well as the aims of studies from different research studies.
| Microalgae | Probiotic Microorganism | T [°C] | pH | Inoculum Ratio | Agitation | Aim of Study | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Isochrysis
galbana |
Carnobacterium piscicola Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei, Lactobacillus helveticus Lactococcus lactis spp. Lactis Leuconostoc mesenteroides spp. mesenteroides Pediococcus acidilactici |
22 ± 1 | No data | No data | Manually shaken twice daily | Effect on the growth rate of microalgae | [139] |
|
Chlorella
sorokiniana |
Bifidobacterium longum
Lactobacillus plantarum |
4 | No data | 1:1000 1:1 |
Without | Evaluate microbial effects (antiviral) on rotavirus | [108] |
| Nannochloropsis oceanica | “Probiotic” bacterial strain isolates | 25 | 8.5 | 6:1 30:1 60:1 |
100 rpm on an orbital shaker | Enhancing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production | [140] |
| Botryococcus braunii | Rhizobium sp. | 20 25 ± 2 |
No data | No data | No data | Enhancing growth rate | [141] |
|
Isochrysis Galbana, Chaetoceros calcitrans |
Bacillus licheniformis
Bacillus subtilis |
28 ± 1 | 8 | 4.5:1 | Air-flow | In vitro growth of co-cultured microalgae and bacteria and their effect on oyster C. sikamae | [142] |
|
Chlorella
sorokiniana |
Azospirillum brasilanse | 28 | 7.2 | 1:1 | Air-flow (with CO2) and stir bar | Investigation of oxidative stress in microalgae | [143] |
| Spirulina platensis |
Lactobacillus casei
Lactobacillus acidophilus Streptococcus thermophilus |
37 | 6.8 6.2 |
/ | No data | Stimulation of Lactic Acid bacteria growth with spirulina powder and their antibacterial activity | [144] |
| Arthrospira platensis |
Lacticaseibacillus casei
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus |
37 | No data | No data | Without | Evaluation of solid-state fermentation of A. platensis on two species of lactic acid bacteria | [145] |
| Spirulina platensis | Lactobacillus acidophilus | 42 | Endpoint pH = 4.6–4.7 | No data | No data | Formulation of probiotic yogurts enriched with Spirulina biomass | [146] |
| Planktochlorella sp. | Lactobacillus rhamnosus | 37 | No data | / | No data | Prebiotic effect of algal extracts on growth of probiotic species | [147] |