Table 4.
Diameters of the growth inhibition zones for the Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains formed by the bee products.
| Test Strain | Sample Concentration [%] |
Diameters of the Growth Inhibition Zones [mm] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Honey | Bee Pollen | Bee Bread | Beeswax | ||
| Gram-positive strains | |||||
| Staphylococcus aureus G3 | 90 | 12.0 ± 0.0 c | 16.0 ± 1.0 b | 22.0 ± 2.0 a | 0 |
| 75 | 0 | 14.0 ± 0.0 | 18.0 ± 2.0 | 0 | |
| 50 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 16.0 ±1.0 | 0 | |
| 45 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 14.0 ±1.0 | 0 | |
| 35 | 0 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 0 | |
| Staphylococcus aureus 629G | 90 | 16.0 ± 1.0 | 16.0 ± 1.0 | 20.0 ± 2.0 | 0 |
| 75 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 18.0 ± 2.0 | 0 | |
| 50 | 12.0 ± 0.0 b | 12.0 ± 0.0 b | 18.0 ± 1.0 a | 0 | |
| 45 | 0 | 0 | 16.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 35 | 0 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 0 | |
| Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213 | 90 | 16.0 ± 1.0 | 18.0 ± 2.0 | 18.0 ± 1.0 | 0 |
| 75 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 16.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 50 | 12.0 ± 0.0 b | 14.0 ± 1.0 a | 14.0 ± 1.0 a | 0 | |
| 45 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 0 | |
| 35 | 0 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 0 | |
| Enterococcus faecalis 24 | 90 | 0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 18.0 ± 1.0 | 0 |
| 75 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 16.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 50 | 0 | 0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 45 | 0 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 0 | |
| 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Enterococcus faecalis ss1-1 | 90 | 0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 16.0 ± 1.0 | 0 |
| 75 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 16.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 50 | 0 | 0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 45 | 0 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 0 | |
| 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Listeria monocytogenes 67 | 90 | 14.0 ± 1.0 b | 12.0 ± 0.0 c | 20.0 ± 2.0 a | 0 |
| 75 | 0 | 0 | 16.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 50 | 0 | 0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 45 | 0 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 0 | |
| 35 | 0 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 0 | |
| Listeria monocytogenes 74 | 90 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 18.0 ± 2.0 | 0 |
| 75 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 16.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 50 | 0 | 0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 45 | 0 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 0 | |
| 35 | 0 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 0 | |
| Listeria monocytogenes ATCC1912 | 90 | 12.0 ± 0.0 b | 12.0 ± 0.0 b | 16.0 ± 1.0 a | 0 |
| 75 | 0 | 0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 50 | 0 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 0 | |
| 45 | 0 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 0 | |
| 35 | 0 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 0 | |
| Gram-negative strains | |||||
| Escherichia coli 14169 | 90 | 12.0 ± 0.0 c | 18.0 ± 2.0 b | 24.0 ± 2.0 a | 0 |
| 75 | 0 | 16.0 ± 2.0 | 20.0 ± 2.0 | 0 | |
| 50 | 0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 20.0 ± 2.0 | 0 | |
| 45 | 0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 18.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 35 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 14.0 ±1.0 | 0 | |
| Escherichia coli 25922 | 90 | 12.0 ± 0.0 b | 20.0 ± 2.0 a | 20.0 ± 2.0 a | 0 |
| 75 | 0 | 18.0 ± 2.0 | 20.0 ± 2.0 | 0 | |
| 50 | 0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 18.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 45 | 0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 16.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 35 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| Escherichia coli ATCC8793 | 90 | 0 | 16.0 ± 2.0 | 20.0 ± 2.0 | 0 |
| 75 | 0 | 16.0 ±1.0 | 18.0 ± 2.0 | 0 | |
| 50 | 0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 16.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 45 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 35 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| Salmonella Typhimurium | 90 | 0 | 16.0 ± 1.0 | 18.0 ± 1.0 | 0 |
| 75 | 0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 18.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 50 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 16.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 45 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 35 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 0 | |
| Salmonella Typhimurium 235 | 90 | 0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 16.0 ± 1.0 | 0 |
| 75 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 16.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 50 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 45 | 0 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 0 | |
| 35 | 0 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 0 | |
| Salmonella Typhimurium 63 | 90 | 0 | 14.0 ± 1.0 | 18.0 ± 2.0 | 0 |
| 75 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 18.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 50 | 0 | 0 | 16.0 ± 1.0 | 0 | |
| 45 | 0 | 0 | 14.0 ± 0.0 | 0 | |
| 35 | 0 | 0 | 12.0 ± 0.0 | 0 | |
Data are a mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Statistical analysis was performed for bee products concentration at which at least three samples demonstrated antimicrobial activity. Different letters in the same row indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05).