Table 2.
Women intake of energy, nutrients and food groups during pregnancy.
| Daily Nutrient Intake | Normal Weight Median (p25, p75) (n = 131) |
Overweight Median (p25, p75) (n = 73) |
Obesity Median (p25, p75) (n = 34) |
p † |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy, (kcal/d) | 2282 (1737, 3053) | 1793 (1590, 2393) | 1711 (1514, 2420) | 0.002 |
| Protein, (g/d) % kcal/d |
101 (68, 139) 17.0 (15.4, 18.3) |
76 (61, 113) 15.7 (14.5, 18.1) |
74 (58, 99) 17.0 (13.8, 20.3) |
0.005 0.275 |
| Carbohydrates, (g/d) % kcal/d |
325 (257, 456) 56.2 (51.9, 59.6) |
284 (246, 369) 59.0 (54.3, 61.1) |
276 (217, 374) 59.9 (56.3, 64.0) |
0.045 0.001 |
| Lipids, (g/d) % kcal/d |
72 (53, 96) 27.2 (24.3, 29.8) |
55 (45, 75) 25.1 (23.1, 27.3) |
49 (40, 63) 23.5 (21.3, 25.8) |
<0.001 <0.001 |
| Folate (μg/d) % adequacy ‡ |
255 (184, 379) 79.8 (57.6, 118.5) |
199 (169, 267) 62.3 (52.7, 83.5) |
190 (153, 251) 59.4 (47.7, 78.4) |
0.002 0.002 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg/d) % adequacy ‡ |
4.1 (2.7, 7.4) 206 (134, 370) |
3.1 (2.2, 5.1) 156 (109, 257) |
2.5 (1.9, 5.4) 127 (96, 271) |
0.005 0.005 |
| Vitamin A (RE/d) % adequacy ‡ |
799 (545, 1129) 160 (109, 226) |
578 (453, 982) 116 (91, 196) |
511 (370, 840) 102 (74, 168) |
<0.001 <0.001 |
| Vitamin C (mg/d) % adequacy ‡ |
171 (119, 238) 258 (198, 397) |
163 (130, 201) 270 (215, 334) |
154 (125, 204) 257 (207, 340) |
0.540 0.540 |
| Vitamin E (mg/d) % adequacy ‡ |
4.5 (3.4, 5.5) 37 (28, 46) |
4.0 (3.4, 4.9) 34 (28, 41) |
3.8 (2.9, 4.8) 32 (24, 40) |
0.069 0.069 |
| Consumption of fruits and vegetables | ||||
| Fruit (g/d) | 288 (173, 445) | 272 (197, 395) | 258 (175, 399) | 0.557 |
| Vegetables (g/d) | 229 (158, 313) | 185 (140, 254) | 157 (116, 194) | 0.004 |
† Kruskal–Wallis test. ‡ Recommendations of Dietary Reference Intakes [22]. p, percentile; RE, retinol equivalents.