| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| AECOPD | acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| Carbo | carbocysteine |
| miRNAs | microRNAs |
| CSE | cigarette smoke extract |
| fAGEs | fluorescent advanced glycation end products |
| sRAGE | soluble receptor AGE |
| CAT | COPD Assessment Test |
| FEV1 | Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s |
| FEF25–75 | Forced Expiratory Flow |
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