Table 1. Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients admitted to hospitals of Inova Health System by the period of admission.
| Peak 1 (March-May 2020) | Plateau (June-October 2020) | Peak 2 (November 2020-January 2021) | Decline (February-May 2021) | p | All | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 2086 | 1407 | 2295 | 1077 | 6865 | |
| Inova Alexandria hospital | 426 (20.4%) | 256 (18.2%) | 420 (18.3%) | 224 (20.8%) | 0.12 | 1326 (19.3%) |
| Inova Fair Oaks hospital | 198 (9.5%) | 105 (7.5%) | 246 (10.7%) | 107 (9.9%) | 0.0122 | 656 (9.6%) |
| Inova Fairfax hospital | 1059 (50.8%) | 713 (50.7%) | 1009 (44.0%) | 460 (42.7%) | < .0001 | 3241 (47.2%) |
| Inova Loudon hospital | 226 (10.8%) | 220 (15.6%) | 390 (17.0%) | 192 (17.8%) | < .0001 | 1028 (15.0%) |
| Inova Mount Vernon Hospital | 177 (8.5%) | 113 (8.0%) | 230 (10.0%) | 94 (8.7%) | 0.15 | 614 (8.9%) |
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 58.9 ± 18.2 | 52.3 ± 19.3 | 61.6 ± 18.9 | 55.2 ± 19.1 | < .0001 | 57.9 ± 19.1 |
| Age < 45 | 486 (23.3%) | 528 (37.5%) | 458 (20.0%) | 334 (31.0%) | < .0001 | 1806 (26.3%) |
| Age 45–54 | 389 (18.6%) | 246 (17.5%) | 347 (15.1%) | 186 (17.3%) | 0.0182 | 1168 (17.0%) |
| Age 55–64 | 417 (20.0%) | 223 (15.8%) | 411 (17.9%) | 199 (18.5%) | 0.0195 | 1250 (18.2%) |
| Age 65–74 | 338 (16.2%) | 196 (13.9%) | 419 (18.3%) | 171 (15.9%) | 0.0064 | 1124 (16.4%) |
| Age 75–84 | 268 (12.8%) | 147 (10.4%) | 397 (17.3%) | 109 (10.1%) | < .0001 | 921 (13.4%) |
| Age 85–94 | 147 (7.0%) | 61 (4.3%) | 228 (9.9%) | 65 (6.0%) | < .0001 | 501 (7.3%) |
| Age ≥ 95 | 41 (2.0%) | 6 (0.4%) | 35 (1.5%) | 13 (1.2%) | 0.0017 | 95 (1.4%) |
| Male | 1152 (55.2%) | 637 (45.3%) | 1197 (52.2%) | 536 (49.8%) | < .0001 | 3522 (51.3%) |
| Non-Hispanic White or Caucasian | 437 (21.4%) | 269 (19.5%) | 739 (32.8%) | 318 (32.1%) | < .0001 | 1763 (26.5%) |
| Non-Hispanic black or African-American | 298 (14.6%) | 215 (15.6%) | 323 (14.4%) | 212 (21.4%) | < .0001 | 1048 (15.7%) |
| Hispanic | 1054 (51.7%) | 721 (52.2%) | 703 (31.8%) | 293 (28.1%) | < .0001 | 2771 (41.5%) |
| Asian | 181 (8.9%) | 90 (6.5%) | 311 (13.8%) | 129 (13.0%) | < .0001 | 711 (10.7%) |
| Other race/ethnicity | 87 (4.3%) | 97 (7.0%) | 187 (8.3%) | 83 (8.4%) | < .0001 | 454 (6.8%) |
| Congregated living | 361 (17.3%) | 92 (6.5%) | 119 (5.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | < .0001 | 572 (8.6%) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.6 ± 7.2 | 30.7 ± 7.1 | 29.7 ± 7.6 | 30.4 ± 7.8 | < .0001 | 30.0 ± 7.4 |
| BMI <18 | 38 (1.9%) | 15 (1.1%) | 42 (1.9%) | 25 (2.4%) | 0.12 | 120 (1.8%) |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30) | 804 (40.8%) | 644 (48.3%) | 913 (41.7%) | 459 (44.3%) | 0.0001 | 2820 (43.2%) |
| Morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40) | 163 (8.3%) | 117 (8.8%) | 190 (8.7%) | 93 (9.0%) | 0.91 | 563 (8.6%) |
| Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) | 3.93 ± 3.59 | 3.02 ± 3.35 | 4.24 ± 3.52 | 3.43 ± 3.55 | < .0001 | 3.77 ± 3.54 |
| CCI = 0 | 366 (17.5%) | 432 (30.7%) | 324 (14.1%) | 258 (24.0%) | < .0001 | 1380 (20.1%) |
| CCI = 1 | 317 (15.2%) | 190 (13.5%) | 285 (12.4%) | 172 (16.0%) | 0.0119 | 964 (14.0%) |
| CCI = 2 | 264 (12.7%) | 180 (12.8%) | 282 (12.3%) | 137 (12.7%) | 0.97 | 863 (12.6%) |
| CCI = 3 or 4 | 376 (18.0%) | 233 (16.6%) | 474 (20.7%) | 186 (17.3%) | 0.0075 | 1269 (18.5%) |
| CCI = 5–8 | 497 (23.8%) | 244 (17.3%) | 622 (27.1%) | 203 (18.8%) | < .0001 | 1566 (22.8%) |
| CCI ≥ 9 | 266 (12.8%) | 128 (9.1%) | 308 (13.4%) | 121 (11.2%) | 0.0006 | 823 (12.0%) |
| Elixhauser comorbidity index (ECI) | 11.2 ± 11.5 | 8.28 ± 11.02 | 11.3 ± 11.2 | 9.49 ± 11.59 | < .0001 | 10.4 ± 11.4 |
| ECI ≤ 0 | 448 (21.5%) | 460 (32.7%) | 462 (20.1%) | 297 (27.6%) | < .0001 | 1667 (24.3%) |
| 1 ≤ ECI ≤ 5 | 459 (22.0%) | 338 (24.0%) | 483 (21.0%) | 252 (23.4%) | 0.15 | 1532 (22.3%) |
| 6 ≤ ECI ≤ 10 | 283 (13.6%) | 173 (12.3%) | 322 (14.0%) | 133 (12.3%) | 0.35 | 911 (13.3%) |
| 11 ≤ ECI ≤ 17 | 357 (17.1%) | 179 (12.7%) | 421 (18.3%) | 166 (15.4%) | 0.0001 | 1123 (16.4%) |
| 18 ≤ ECI ≤ 27 | 313 (15.0%) | 156 (11.1%) | 378 (16.5%) | 128 (11.9%) | < .0001 | 975 (14.2%) |
| ECI ≥ 28 | 226 (10.8%) | 101 (7.2%) | 229 (10.0%) | 101 (9.4%) | 0.0034 | 657 (9.6%) |