. 2021 Sep 1;38(5):296–303. doi: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2021.21188
Content of this journal is licensed under a Table 1.
Patients’ Characteristics at ICU Admission
| All Patients, n = 421 | 90-Day Survivors, n = 189 | 90-Day Non-survivors, n = 232 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 67 (57-76) | 58 (49-69) | 72 (64-79) | <.001 |
| Age ≥60 years, n (%) | 297 (70.5) | 89 (47.1) | 208 (89.7) | <.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 251 (59.6) | 111 (58.7) | 140 (60.3) | .74 |
| ECOG score,* n (%) | <.001 | |||
| 0 | 187 (45.6) | 114 (62.3) | 73 (32.2) | |
| 1 | 76 (18.5) | 30 (16.4) | 46 (20.3) | |
| 2 | 74 (18.0) | 24 (13.1) | 50 (22.0) | |
| 3 | 53 (12.9) | 13 (7.1) | 40 (17.6) | |
| 4 | 20 (4.9) | 2 (1.1) | 18 (7.9) | |
| APACHE II score, median (IQR) | 17 (12-26) | 13 (9-18) | 23 (16-30) | <.001 |
| APACHE II score ≥17, n (%) | 205 (49.8) | 47 (25.3) | 158 (69.9) | <.001 |
| SOFA score, median (IQR) | 5 (3-8) | 3 (2-5) | 7 (4-10) | <.001 |
| SOFA score ≥5, n (%) | 199 (51.0) | 51 (29.0) | 148 (69.2) | <.001 |
| Comorbid diseases, n (%) | 369 (87.6) | 151 (79.9) | 218 (94) | <.001 |
| Hypertension | 216 (51.3) | 80 (42.3) | 136 (58.6) | .001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 130 (30.9) | 42 (22.2) | 88 (37.9) | <.001 |
| Cardiac disease | 106 (25.2) | 31 (16.4) | 75 (32.3) | <.001 |
| Respiratory disease | 82 (19.5) | 36 (19) | 46 (19.8) | .84 |
| Cancer | 45 (10.7) | 14 (7.4) | 31 (13.4) | .049 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 37 (8.8) | 7 (3.7) | 30 (12.9) | .001 |
| Dementia | 26 (6.2) | 9 (4.8) | 17 (7.3) | .27 |
| End-stage renal disease | 15 (3.6) | 2 (1.1) | 13 (5.6) | .01 |
| Admission department of hospital, n (%) | ||||
| Ward | 247 (58.6) | 125 (66.1) | 122 (52.7) | |
| Emergency department | 119 (28.4) | 43 (22.8) | 76 (32.9) | .03 |
| Other | 55 (13.1) | 23 (12.1) | 31 (13.4) | |
| Admission symptoms, n (%) | ||||
| Shortness of breath | 268 (63.7) | 114 (60.3) | 154 (66.4) | .20 |
| Cough | 241 (57.2) | 120 (63.5) | 121 (52.2) | .02 |
| Fever | 232 (55.1) | 122 (64.6) | 110 (47.4) | <.001 |
| Weakness | 126 (29.9) | 57 (30.2) | 69 (29.7) | .93 |
| Myalgia | 46 (10.9) | 29 (15.3) | 17 (7.3) | <.01 |
| Diarrhea | 20 (4.8) | 10 (5.3) | 10 (4.3) | .64 |
| Chest pain | 19 (4.5) | 7 (3.7) | 12 (5.2) | .47 |
| Sore throat | 6 (1.4) | 3 (1.6) | 3 (1.3) | 1.00 |
| Duration from symptom onset to hospital admission, days, median (IQR) | 3 (2-7) | 4 (2-7) | 3 (2-5) | .02 |
| Duration from symptom onset to ICU admission, days, median (IQR) | 7 (4-10) | 7 (5-10) | 6 (3-10) | <.01 |
| Symptom onset to ICU admission of <7 days, n (%) | 192 (49.6) | 79 (43.4) | 113 (55.1) | .02 |
| PaO2/FiO2, mmHg, median (IQR) | 140 (88-205) | 170 (110-222) | 125 (75-188) | <.001 |
| PaO2/FiO2 ≤150 mmHg, n (%) | 210 (53.2) | 73 (41.0) | 137 (63.1) | <.001 |
| Lactate, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 1.4 (1-2) | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) | 1.6 (1.1-2.4) | <.001 |
| Lactate >2 mmol/L, n (%) | 98 (24.4) | 18 (10.3) | 80 (35.4) | <.001 |
| Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, median (IQR) | 8.0 (4.5-13.1) | 6.4 (4.0-9.8) | 9.8 (5.7-16.8) | <.001 |
| Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio ≥8, n (%) | 192 (49.7) | 61 (33.9) | 131 (63.6) | <.001 |
| D-dimer, ng/mL, median (IQR) | 1016 (538-2186) | 820 (460-1670) | 1200 (600-2850) | <.01 |
| D-dimer >1000 ng/mL, n (%) | 123 (50.6) | 49 (43.0) | 74 (57.4) | .02 |
*ECOG score: 0, Fully active; 1, Restricted in physically strenuous activity; 2, Ambulatory and capable of all selfcare; up and about more than 50% of waking hours; 3, Capable of only limited selfcare; confined to bed or chair more than 50% of waking hours; 4, Completely disabled; totally confined to bed or chair.