Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of the study variables
| |
Total sample (N = 103) |
No diagnosis (n = 62) |
PTSD (n = 19) |
CPTSD (n = 22) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
| ITI total | 13.22 (8.57) | 8.02 (5.39) | 16.89 (3.83) | 24.73 (5.36) |
| PTSD | 6.53 (4.47) | 3.61 (2.63) | 10.68 (1.83) | 11.18 (3.26) |
| DSO | 6.69 (5.25) | 4.40 (4.28) | 6.21 (2.86) | 13.55 (2.96) |
| Re-experiencing | 1.75 (1.64) | 0.66 (0.79) | 3.37 (1.01) | 3.41 (1.26) |
| Avoidance | 2.61 (1.86) | 1.68 (1.62) | 3. 95 (1.08) | 4.09 (1.31) |
| Sense of threat | 2.17 (1.78) | 1.27 (1.43) | 3.37 (1.21) | 3.68 (1.46) |
| Affect dysregulation | 2.06 (1.41) | 1.45 (1.18) | 2.47 (1.07) | 3.41 (1.18) |
| Negative self-concept | 2.27 (2.19) | 1.45 (1.80) | 1.89 (1.49) | 4.91 (1.60) |
| Disturbed relationships | 2.36 (2.58) | 1.50 (2.27) | 1.84 (2.09) | 5.23 (1.60) |
| ITQ total | 25.63 (10.70) | 20.16 (8.60) | 32.11 (8.43) | 35.45 (7.28) |
| PTSD | 12.63 (6.16) | 10.02 (5.27) | 16.32 (4.76) | 16.82 (5.76) |
| DSO | 13.00 (5.87) | 10.15 (4.89) | 15.79 (4.78) | 18.64 (3.72) |
| PHQ-9 | 13.41 (6.73) | 10.29 (5.46) | 17.11 (5.79) | 19.00 (5.51) |
| GAD-7 | 11.15 (5.32) | 8.79 (4.43) | 13.95 (4.34) | 15.36 (4.71) |
| DERS | 102.50 (24.60) | 92.73 (22.31) | 112.68 (20.47) | 121.27 (19.72) |
| DSS | 13.50 (13.02) | 7.18 (6.40) | 19.21 (12.12) | 26.41 (16.02) |
| BPS | 34.64 (8.20) | 32.08 (7.56) | 36.74 (7.36) | 40.05 (7.79) |
| RSES | 24.83 (5.91) | 26.94 (5.38) | 22.74 (5.79) | 20.73 (4.71) |
| ECR-S Anxiety | 27.97 (8.70) | 27.87 (8.40) | 26.37 (9.71) | 29.64 (8.76) |
| ECR-S Avoidance | 20.36 (7.16) | 19.11 (6.92) | 19.63 (6.59) | 24.50 (7.04) |
| WHO-5 | 33.71 (15.55) | 39.10 (14.16) | 28.84 (14.02) | 22.73 (13.77) |
PTSD = Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, CPTSD = Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, DSO = Disturbances in Self-Organization, ITI = International Trauma Interview, ITQ = International Trauma Questionnaire, PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9, GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, DERS = Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, DSS = Dissociative Symptoms Scale, BPS = Borderline Pattern Scale, RSES = Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, ECR-S = Experience in Close Relationships Scale – Short Form, WHO-5 = WHO-5 Well-being Index.