Table 1.
Characteristics of Included Studies
| Investigator | Study Design | Country | Sample Size (n) | Age (years) | Male Gender (%) | Control Period | Pandemic Period | NOS Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karthigeyan et al.,16 2021 | Single-center, retrospective; prospective observational | India | 3372 | 33.8 | 83.6 | September 16, 2019 to March 24, 2020 | March 25 to September 30, 2020 | 9 |
| Goyal et al.,17 2020 | Single-center, retrospective observational | India | 284 | 33.45 | 75.7 | March 25 to September 15, 2019 | March 25 to September 25, 2020 | 9 |
| Grassner et al.,4 2021 | Multicenter, retrospective observational | Austria, Czech Republic, Switzerland | 506 | 61.74 (NS) | 57.4 (NS) | March 16 to April 15, 2017, 2018, 2019 | March 16 to April 15, 2020 | 7 |
| Horan et al.,18 2021 | Single-center, retrospective observational | Ireland | 658 | 64.7 | 63.07 | March 1 to March 31, 2019 | March 1 to March 31, 2020 | 8 |
| Hecht et al.,19 2020 | Single-center, retrospective observational | Germany | 92 | 59.7 (NS) | 50.3 (NS) | February 1 to April 15, 2019 | February 1 to April 15, 2020 | 7 |
| Lam et al.,20 2021 | Single-center, retrospective observational | Taiwan | 11,931 | 44 | 55.7 | January 20 to April 30, 2019; May 11 to July 31, 2019 | January 20 to April 30, 2020; May 11 to July 31, 2021 | 7 |
| Lara-Reyna et al.,21 2020 | Single-center, retrospective; prospective, observational | USA | 150 | 66.2 | 66 | November 2019 to February 2020 | March to April 2020 | 8 |
| Luostarinen et al.,22 2020 | Single-center, retrospective observational | Finland | 123 | 61.4 | 78.9 | January to May 2019 | January to May 2020 | 7 |
| Manivannan et al.,23 2021 | Single-center, retrospective observational | UK | 597 | 65.9 | 59.7 | April 4 to June 30, 2019 | April 1 to June 30, 2020 | 9 |
| Pinggera et al.,24 2020 | Single-center, retrospective observational | Austria | 122 | 58 | 60 | March 16 to April 5, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 | March 16 to April 5, 2020 | 8 |
| Prawiroharjo et al.,25 2020 | Single-center, retrospective observational | Indonesia | 263 | 38.2 | 75.3 | March 16 to June 14, 2019 | March 16 to June 14, 2020 | 7 |
| Rault et al.,26 2021 | Single-center, retrospective observational | France | 158 | 49.1 | 76.6 | March 20, 2019 to March 17, 2020 | March 18 to April 28, 2020 | 7 |
| Santing et al.,27 2020 | Single-center, retrospective; prospective observational | Netherlands | 234 | 62.8 | 54.7 | March 18 to April 6, 2019 | March 18 to April 6, 2020 | 8 |
NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa scale; NS, not stated.