Fig. 1.

Establishment of organoids from human dental follicle. a Schematic of organoid culture set-up. Progressing development of organoid structures after seeding dissociated dental follicle (DF) in tooth organoid medium (TOM) (passage 0, P0), and robust passageability (brightfield pictures of indicated P). b Histological (H&E) and ultrastructural (TEM) analyses of tooth organoids grown in TOM for 14 days. Box and arrow indicate cuboidal epithelium (CE) and squamous epithelium (SE), respectively. c-e Brightfield phase-contrast images and immunofluorescence staining pictures for markers as indicated, of primary DF tissue and full-grown (day-14) organoids. Arrows indicate double-positive cells of indicated markers. Boxed areas are enlarged. DAPI (blue) was used to label nuclei. Scale bars: 50 µm, unless indicated otherwise