Figure 6.

DEFA expression in murine and human colitis. (A) Representative photomicrographs of DEFA5 (green) and LYZ1 (red) immunostaining in the colon of WT and Smox^–/– mice ± AOM-DSS ± Spd after 56 days. Merged colors are depicted in yellow. The nuclei stained with DAPI are shown in blue. Scale bars, 50 μm. (B) Quantification of epithelial staining shown in A. Each dot represents one gland, and the staining was quantified from multiple glands from n = 3 mice per group. (C) RNA was extracted from colon biopsies from normal (N) or UC patients with moderate (M) or severe (S) colitis and DEFA5 mRNA levels were measured by RT-real-time PCR. (D) Tissues sections of a TMA were immunostained for DEFA5 (green) and the representative images of normal tissues or colon from patients with UC, LGD, and HGD are shown; scale bar, 50 μm. (E) Quantification of DEFA5⁺ epithelial cells among total CECs; solid circles are UC tissues and open circles are CD tissues. (F) Human colonoids from normal (n = 2) or UC patients (n = 2) were cultured 48 h with or without 10 mM Spd; RNA was extracted and the expression of DEFA5, DEFA6, and SMOX was determined; each bar represents the mean ± SEM of three experiments performed with each colonoid line. In the panels with statistics, *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001, and ****P < .0001 by one-way (C, E) or two-way (B, F) ANOVA and Tukey test.