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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2021 Aug 26;17(1-2):305–317. doi: 10.1007/s11481-021-10007-6

Figure 5. Streptococcus-induced chemokine production in isolated human primary monocytes in vitro.

Figure 5.

Human monocytes were isolated from PBMCs from eight healthy individuals and cultured with S. parasanguinis (SP, 1.25 × 106 bacterial cells/mL) or LTA from Streptococcus pyogenes or cocaine (1 μM) for 48 h. Levels of MCP-4 (A), MDC (B), MIP-3α (C), and TARC (D) were evaluated in the cell culture supernatants. Paired one-way ANOVA tests were used to determine statistical significance; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and **** P < 0.0001.