Table 3.
Use of PZQ in aquaculture against monogeneans. B – bath, O – oral, I - intubation, Inj - injection. EXP – experiment, COM – commercial.
| Parasite | Fish species | Delivery | Dose (mg kg−1 for oral, injection or intubation; mg L−1 for bath) | Efficacy dpt – days post treatment | EXP or COM | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anacanthorus penilabiatus | Piaractus mesopotamicus | O; in feed 2 × per d for 7 d | 30/d | not effective | EXP: 300 L tank | Schalch et al. (2009) |
| Anacanthorus penilabiatus | Piaractus mesopotamicus | B, 30 min | 500 | 68.3%, 7 dpt | EXP: 500 L tank | Onaka et al. (2003) |
| Ancylodiscoides vistulensis | Silurus glanis | B, 5 h | 10 | 15% prevalence reduction, 3–4 dpt | EXP: 10 L tank | Székely and Molnár (1990) |
| Benedenia seriolae | Seriola lalandi | B, 48 h, 7 w post-catch | 2.5 | 100% | EXP: 400 L tank | Sharp et al. (2004) |
| Benedenia seriolae | Seriola lalandi | O; in feed (surface-coating feed pellets) for 6 d | 75/d | 66.4%, 4 dpt | EXP: 1.5 m sea cage | Williams et al. (2007) |
| O; I for 3 d | 150/d | 97.7% | ||||
| Benedenia seriolae | Seriola quinqueradiata | O; I, single dose | 450 | 78% | EXP: 3.375 m3 sea cage | Williams (2009) |
| Benedenia seriolae | Seriola lalandi | O; I for 3 d | 150/d | 70% | EXP: seawater raceway | Williams (2009) |
| O; I for 3 d | 75/d + 200/d cimetidine | 41% | ||||
| Benedenia seriolae | Seriola quinqueradiata | O; in feed (pellets) for 3 d, 15 d after parasite exposure | 150/d | 100% (large fish), 76.7% (small fish) | EXP: 100–1000 L tanks | Hirazawa et al. (2013) |
| Benedenia seriolae | Seriola dumerili | O; in feed (pellets) for 3 d, 15 d after parasite exposure | 150/d | 100% (large fish), 93% (small fish) | EXP: 100–1000 L tanks | Hirazawa et al. (2013) |
| Benedenia seriolae | Seriola lalandi | O; in feed (microcapsules surface-coated) for 7 d | 64/d | 100% | EXP: 5 m3 tank | Partridge et al. (2014) |
| Benedenia seriolae | Seriola lalandi | O: I (moist pellet) for 3 d | 165/d | 100% | EXP: 1000 L flow tank | Forwood et al. (2016b) |
| O: in feed (moist pellet) for 3 d. Fish stocking density of 3 kg/m3 | 70/d | 81.6%, 2 dpt | COM: 16 × 7 m sea cage | |||
| Benedenia seriolae | Seriola lalandi | B, 30–60 min | 2.5 | Not applicable | COM | APVMA (2020b) |
| Benedenia lutjani, Benedenia rohdei | Lutjanus carponotatus | B, 2 × 2 h, within 48 h | 20 | 100% | EXP: tank | Whittington and Ernst (2002) |
| Benedeniella posterocolpa | Rhinoptera bonasus | B, 90 min | 20 | 100%, 2 dpt | EXP: 170 L tank | Thoney (1990) |
| Cleidodiscus sp. | Pomoxis nigromaculatus | B, 24 h | 1.5 | incomplete removal, >80% | EXP: 20 gallon tank | Bader et al. (2017b) |
| Clemacotyle australis | Aetobatus narinari | O: in feed (inside food fish) for 1 d | 40 | no effect | EXP: 1.5 M L tank | Janse and Borgsteede (2003) |
| B, 45 min | 25 | 100% | ||||
| Dactylogyrus intermedius | Carassius auratus | B, 48 h | 13.5 | 93.3%, 6 dpt | EXP: | Zhang et al. (2013) |
| Dactylogyrus extensus | Cyprinus carpio | B, 180 min | 5 | 100% | EXP: 2 L tank | Schmahl and Mehlhorn (1985) |
| Dactylogyrus vastator | Cyprinus carpio | B, 90 min | 10 | "most worms killed" | EXP: 2 L tank | Schmahl and Mehlhorn (1985) |
| B, 180 min | 5 | 100% | ||||
| Dactylogyrus vastator | Carassius auratus | B, duration not specified | 20 | 80.3% | EXP: 20 L tank | Zhang et al. (2014) |
| Dactylogyrus sp. | Poecilia reticulata | B, 24 h | 3 | 100% | EXP: 12 L tank | Fridman et al. (2014) |
| Dactylogyrus sp. | Ctenopharyngodon idella | B, 48 h | 7.5 | 100% | EXP: 1500 L tank | Hoai and Van (2014) |
| Diplectanum oliveri | Argyrosomus japonicus | B, 2 h | 20 | 100% of adults | EXP: 70 L tank | Joubert (2012) |
| Gyrodactylus aculeati | Gasterosteus aculeatus | B, 2 h | 20 | 100% | EXP: 2 L tank | Schmahl and Taraschewski (1987) |
| B, 16 h | 10 | 100% | ||||
| Gyrodactylus sp. | Oncorhynchus mykiss | B, 3 h | 10 | 97.7% | EXP: 10 L tank | Santamarina et al. (1991) |
| Gyrodactylus salaris | Oncorhynchus mykiss | O; in feed for 10 d | 800/d | 39% prevalence reduction | EXP: 80 L tank | Tojo and Santamarina (1998) |
| Gyrodactylus turnbulli | Poecilia reticulata | B, 24 h | 3 | 89.1% | EXP: 12 L tank | Fridman et al. (2014) |
| Gyrodactylus turnbulli | Poecilia reticulata | B, 24 h | 3 | 78–100% | EXP: 200 L tank | Levy et al. (2015) |
| Haliotrema abaddon | Glaucosoma hebraicum | B, 24 h | 2 | ∼97% | EXP: 120 L tank | Stephens et al. (2003) |
| Heteraxine heterocerca | Seriola quinqueradiata | O; intubation (paste) for 3 d | 50/d | 100% | EXP: 3.375 m3 sea cage | Williams (2009) |
| Heterobothrium okamoti | Takifugu rubripes | O; in feed (feed pellets) for 20 d | 40/d | 67.2% | EXP: 100 L tank | Hirazawa et al. (2000) |
| Heterocotyle tokoloshei | Dasyatis brevicaudata | B, 12 h | 20 | incomplete parasite removal | EXP: 4000 L tank | Vaughan and Chisholm (2010) |
| O; I, single dose | 150 | 100%, 10 dpt | ||||
| Hexabothriidae | Aetobatus narinari | O: in feed (inside food fish) for 1 d | 40 | no effect | EXP: 1.5 M L tank | Janse and Borgsteede (2003) |
| B, 45 min | 25 | 100% | ||||
| Lepidotrema bidyana | Bidyanus | O: in feed (surface coated feed pellets) for 6 d | 75/d | 79% of adult, 64% of juveniles | EXP: 500 L tank | Forwood et al. (2013a) |
| B, 48 h | 10 | 99% of adults, 84% of juveniles | ||||
| Lepidotrema bidyana | Bidyanus | B, 60 min | 40 | 77% | EXP: 50 L tank | Forwood et al. (2013b) |
| Ligictaluridus floridanus | Ictalurus punctatus | B, 3 × 3 h, each 72 h apart | 10 | 96% | EXP: 80 L tank | Benavides-González et al. (2014) |
| Merizocotyle icopae Neoheterocotyle rhinobatidi Neoheterocotyle rhynchobatis Troglocephalus rhinobatidis | Rhinobatos typus | B, 2 × 40 h, 48 h apart | 5 | 100% | EXP: 50 L tank | Chisholm and Whittington (2002) |
| Microcotyle sebastis | Sebastes schlegeli | O; I, single dose | 200 | 100% | EXP: 50 L tank | Kim et al. (1998) |
| Microcotyle sebastis | Sebastes schlegeli | O; in feed (pellets) alternate days for 5 d | 200/d | ∼59% | EXP: 2 × 2 × 5 m net pen | Kim and Cho (2000) |
| B, 4 min | 100 | ∼99.5% | ||||
| Microcotyle sebastis | Sebastes schlegeli | O; I, single dose | 200 | 92.3% | EXP: 50 L tank | Kim et al. (2001b) |
| 200 + 200 cimetidine | 100% | |||||
| Microcotyle sebastis | Sebastes schlegeli | O; I, single dose | 200 | ∼98% | EXP: 50 L tank | Kim and Kim (2002) |
| 100 + 100 cimetidine | ∼97% | |||||
| Neobenedenia girellae | Verasper variegatus | O; in feed (pellet) for 11 d | 40/d | 65% | EXP: 100–500 L tank | Hirazawa et al. (2004) |
| Neobenedenia girellae | Scomber japonicus | O; in feed (semi-defrosted frozen krill) for 3 d, 33–35 or 39–41 dpt | 150/d | >81.4% | COM: 4 × 4 m sea cages | Yamamoto et al. (2011) |
| Neobenedenia girellae | Seriola quinqueradiata | O; in feed (pellets) for 3 d | 150/d | 76% (large fish), 36% (small fish) | EXP: 100–1000 L tank | Hirazawa et al. (2013) |
| Neobenedenia girellae | Seriola dumerili | O; in feed (pellets) for 3 d | 150/d | 25% (large fish), 19% (small fish) | EXP: 100–1000 L tank | Hirazawa et al. (2013) |
| Neodermophthirius harkemai | Negaprion brevirostris | O; for 3 d | 19/d | no effect | EXP: 2.5 M L tank | Poynton et al. (1997) |
| Inj, intramuscular, single dose | 7.5 | no effect | ||||
| Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae | Anguilla | B, 25 h | 10 | 100% | EXP: 17 L tank | Buchmann et al. (1990, 1993) |
| Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae | Anguilla | B; 24 h | 5 | 95–100% | EXP: 6 L tank | Buchmann et al. (2011) |
| Sparicotyle chrysophrii | Sparus aurata | O; in feed (pellets) for 6 d | 200/d | Prevalence reduced to 40% | EXP: 250 L tanks | Sitjà-Bobadilla et al. (2006) |
| Zeuxapta seriolae | Seriola lalandi | B; 48 h, 7 w post-catch | 2.5 | 100% | EXP: 400 L tank | Sharp et al. (2004) |
| Zeuxapta seriolae | Seriola lalandi | O; in feed (surface-coated feed pellets) for 6 d | 50/d | 81.4% | EXP: 1.5 m sea cage | Williams et al. (2007) |
| O; I for 6 d | 50/d | 100.0% | ||||
| Zeuxapta seriolae | Seriola lalandi | O; intubation for 3 d | 150/d | 100% | EXP: seawater raceway | Williams (2009) |
| 150/d + 200/d cimetidine | 99.8% | |||||
| Zeuxapta seriolae | Seriola lalandi | O; in feed (microcapsules surface-coated) for 7 d | 64/d | 100% | EXP: 4 m3 tank | Partridge et al. (2014) |
| Zeuxapta seriolae | Seriola lalandi | O I (moist pellet) for 3 d | 45/d | 100% | EXP: 1000 L flow tank | Forwood et al. (2016b) |
| O; in feed (moist pellet) for 3 d. Fish stocking density of 3 kg/m3 | 70/d | 99.4% | COM: 16 × 7 m sea cage | |||
| Zeuxapta seriolae | Seriola lalandi | O; in feed (moist pellet) for 3 d | 70/d | Not applicable | COM | APVMA (2020a) |
| Zeuxapta seriolae | Seriola lalandi | B; 30–60 min | 2.5 | Not Applicable | COM | APVMA (2020b) |
| Zeuxapta seriolae | Seriola dumerili | O; in feed (pellets) for 3 d | 150 | 80.4% | EXP: 3 m3 cage | Rigos et al. (2021) |