Table 3.
Patients’ characteristics, comorbidities and antihypertensives medications according to change in blood pressure to orthostatic position
| NOR n = 308 |
OH n = 104 |
OHT n = 118 |
p overall |
p NOR vs OHT |
p NOR vs OH |
p OH vs OHT |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 111 (36) | 43 (41.3) | 25 (21.2) | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.333 | 0.001 |
| Age (year) | 83.0 ± 5.1 | 81.8 ± 5.3 | 83.9 ± 4.7 | 0.012 | 0.312 | 0.14 | 0.009 |
| Hypertension | 218 (70.7) | 79 (76) | 90 (76.3) | 0.392 | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 67 (21.7) | 27 (26) | 38 (32.2) | 0.08 | 0.025 | 0.377 | 0.308 |
| Heart failure | 53 (17.2) | 15 (14.4) | 12 (10.2) | 0.188 | |||
| Vascular disease | 55 (17.8) | 19 (18.2) | 12 (10.2) | 0.018 | 0.042 | 0.163 | 0.005 |
| -Stroke | 19 (6.2) | 7 (6.7) | 6 (5.1) | 0.128 | |||
| -Peripheral arterial disease | 35 (11.4) | 13 (12.5) | 6 (5.1) | 0.867 | |||
| -Coronary heart disease | 10 (3.2) | 8 (7.7) | 4 (3.4) | 0.109 | 0.049 | 0.755 | 0.049 |
| -Carotid stenosis | 34 (11) | 12 (11.5) | 16 (13.6) | 0.13 | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | 63 (20.4) | 23 (22.1) | 25 (21.2) | 0.935 | |||
| Chronic kidney disease | 90 (29.2) | 38 (36.5) | 23 (19.5) | 0.768 | |||
| eGFR CKD-EPI (mL/min) | 66.5 ± 19.6 | 62.7 ± 19.8 | 65.9 ± 22.3 | 0.26 | |||
| Treatment for hypertension | 236 (76.6) | 75 (72.1) | 90 (76.3) | 0.641 | |||
| Antihypertensive drugs per patient | 0.443 | ||||||
| -1 | 84 (27.3) | 29 (27.9) | 40 (33.9) | ||||
| -2 | 84 (27.3) | 19 (18.3) | 29 (24.6) | ||||
| -3 or more | 65 (21.1) | 26 (25) | 22 (18.6) | ||||
| Type of antihypertensive medications | |||||||
| -ACEi/ARB | 131 (42.5) | 39 (37.5) | 53 (44.9) | 0.519 | |||
| -CCB | 80 (25.9) | 30 (28.8) | 27 (22.9) | 0.597 | |||
| -ß-blockers | 109 (35.5) | 37 (35.6) | 37 (31.4) | 0.703 | |||
| -Diuretics | 105 (34.1) | 29 (27.9) | 34 (28.8) | 0.547 | |||
| -Centrally-acting antihypertensive agents | 17 (5.5) | 5 (4.8) | 14 (11.9) | 0.044 | 0.024 | 0.78 | 0.061 |
| -⍺-blockers | 27 (8.7) | 10 (9.6) | 7 (5.9) | 0.551 |
Results are expressed as mean ± SD or n (%). NOR Normal orthostatic response, OH Orthostatic hypotension, OHT Orthostatic hypertension, eGFR CKD-EPI estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate by CKD-EPI Formula, ACEi/ARB Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors/Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers, CCB Calcium-Channel Blockers;