Table 4.
Geriatric characteristics according to change in blood pressure to orthostatic position
| NOR | OH | OHT | p overall |
p NOR vs OHT |
p NOR vs OH |
p OH vs OHT |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IADL | 2.9 ± 2.6 | 3.3 ± 2.8 | 3.0 ± 2.6 | 0.472 | |||
| BADL | 5.0 ± 1 | 5.0 ± 1.1 | 5.1 ± 0.8 | 0.841 | |||
| BADL ≤ 5 | 152 (49.3) | 44 (42.7) | 61 (51.7) | 0.378 | |||
| Depression | 104 (34) | 41 (40.6) | 41(35.3) | 0.484 | |||
| Mini-GDS ≥ 1 | 66 (40.5) | 18 (35.3) | 27(44.3) | 0.628 | |||
| Dementia | 217 (70.5) | 65 (62.5) | 80 (67.8) | 0.318 | |||
| MMSe score, /30 | 19 ± 5.7 | 19.9 ± 6 | 18.7 ± 6 | 0.269 | |||
| Pathological MMSea | 217 (73.6) | 65 (67) | 80 (74.8) | 0.38 | |||
| MMSe severity | 0.184 | 0.058 | 0.984 | 0.162 | |||
| - mild | 69 (31.8) | 24 (37) | 20 (25) | ||||
| - moderate | 122 (56) | 30 (46) | 43 (53.8) | ||||
| - severe | 26 (12) | 11 (17) | 17 (21.3) | ||||
| Pathological CDT | 141 (58.3) | 48 (53) | 59 (63.4) | 0.382 | |||
| ≥ 1 self-reported fall in the last 6 months | 120 (39) | 50 (48) | 43 (36.7) | 0.182 | |||
| Malnutritionb | 55 (17.8) | 20 (19.2) | 22 (18.6) | 0.946 | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27 ± 4.6 | 27 ± 4.7 | 27.8 ± 5.2 | 0.165 | |||
| Albumin (g/L) | 40 ± 4.4 | 39.3 ± 4 | 39.5 ± 4.5 | 0.255 | |||
| Sarcopeniac | 169 (54.8) | 60 (57.7) | 76 (64.4) | 0.204 | |||
| Hand-grip strength (kg) | 17.5 ± 7.7 | 16.3 ± 7.9 | 14.7 ± 6.4 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.502 | 0.36 |
| Low hand-grip strengthd | 225 (73) | 85 (81.7) | 92 (78) | 0.298 | |||
| Walking speed (m/s) | 0.68 ± 0.24 | 0.67 ± 0.26 | 0.61 ± 0.24 | 0.024 | 0.02 | 1 | 0.165 |
| Low walking speede | 205 (67) | 66 (65) | 94 (81) | 0.009 | 0.005 | 0.672 | 0.006 |
Results are expressed as mean ± SD or n (%). NOR Normal orthostatic response, OH Orthostatic hypotension, OHT Orthostatic hypertension, BADL Basic Activities of Daily Living, IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Mini-GDS 4-items Geriatric Depression Scale, MMSe Mini-Mental State Examination, CDT French GRECO version of the Clock Drawing Test. aMMSe was considered pathological when lower than threshold defined according to age and socio-educative level, bMalnutrition was defined as BMI lower than 21 kg/m2 or albuminemia lower than 35 g/L, cSarcopenia was defined as low walking speed and low hand-grip strength, dLow hand-grip strength was defined according to threshold depending on sex and BMI, eWalking speed < 0.8 m/sec was considered low