Fig. 1.

Combination treatment modulates mouse T cell subtype proliferation in vitro. a Proportions of Th1, Th17, and Treg cells after combination treatment. Splenocytes from normal B6 mice were stimulated with anti-CD3 in the presence of L. acidophilus and/or FK506 for 3 days and analyzed by flow cytometry. b IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-10 concentrations in culture supernatants as determined by ELISA. c Proportions of Tc1 and Tc17 cells after combination treatment analyzed by flow cytometry. d In the mixed lymphocyte reaction assay, 2 × 10⁵ B/c (B6) splenic CD4⁺-T cells (responders) were incubated with 2 × 10⁵ irradiated B/c (B6) [syngeneic stimulators (Syn)] or B6 (B/c) [allogeneic stimulators (Allo)] splenic APCs for 4 days. T-cell proliferation was measured by 3[H]‑TdR incorporation. e In vitro co-culture systems, responder cells (2 × 10⁵) and irradiated APCs (2 × 10⁵) were co-cultured with sorted L. acidophilus and/or FK506-induced Treg (1 × 10³; each induced Treg to responder cells ratio was 1:40) for 4 days. T-cell proliferation was measured by 3[H]‑TdR incorporation. Data are means ± SEM of three independent experiments. (*each sample versus vehicle; ^#combination versus L. acidophilus; ^Xcombination versus FK506, *^,#,Xp < 0.05, **^,##,XXp < 0.01, ***^,###,XXXp < 0.005)