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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Feb 26.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2021 Aug 17;4(9):7025–7033. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00677

Table 1.

Elemental Compositions of the Sample Series by XPS Measurements

Mn (atom %)
sample C (atom %) N (atom %) O (atom %) Mn2+ Mn3+ Mn4+ total Mn average Mn valence state
GP 64.01 4.07 31.95
GPM-1 70.38 5.86 23.38 0.246 0.159 0.405 2.78
GPM-2 68.15 5.66 25.81 0.092 0.281 0.373 2.75