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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Feb 26.

Published in final edited form as: ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2021 Aug 17;4(9):7025–7033. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00677

Table 1.

Elemental Compositions of the Sample Series by XPS Measurements

				Mn (atom %)
sample	C (atom %)	N (atom %)	O (atom %)	Mn²⁺	Mn³⁺	Mn⁴⁺	total Mn	average Mn valence state
GP	64.01	4.07	31.95
GPM-1	70.38	5.86	23.38	0.246		0.159	0.405	2.78
GPM-2	68.15	5.66	25.81	0.092	0.281		0.373	2.75