Table 7.

Case reports on medical history of COVID 19 and associated mucormycosis disease

Case no	Male/female	Phase of COVID-19	Medical history	Therapy implemented	Predisposing aspect for mucormycosis	Histological examination	Symptom duration (days)	Clinical manifestation	Alive/dead	Reference
1	Male/60	Severe	Diabetes	High-dose steroid for COVID 19. Methylprednisolone	Hyperglycemic steroid for COVID-19	Non-septate hyphae	12	•Oedema •Periorbital facial pain •Acute vision loss	Dead	Mehta and Pandey 2020
2	Male/22	Severe	Pancreatitis	High-dose steroid for COVID Linezolid Meropenem	Steroid for COVID 19-treatment	Non-septate hyphae	27	•Diagnosed as Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis •Disseminated to oLymph nodes oHeart oBrain oKidney	Dead	Hanley et al. 2020a,  b
3	Female/33	Severe	Diabetes Asthma hypertension	No steroids Remdesivir Vancomycin	DKA Diabetic ketoacidosis	Non-septate hyphae	2	•Diagnosed as Rhihino-orbital mucormycosis •Necrosis in oNasal oPalate oLeft eye ptosis oConfused mental status oOphthalmoplegia proptosis	Dead	Werthman-Ehrenreich 2021a,  b
4	Male/66	Severe	Hypertension	Hydroxychloroquine Lopinavir–ritonavir	Lymphopenia	Non-septate hyphae	21	•Diagnosed as Pulmonary mucormycosis in lungs •Necrotic empyema •Spontaneous pneumothorax	Dead	Pasero et al. 2020a,  b
5	Male/49	Severe	Normal	Dexamethasone Tocilizumab Remdesivir Ceftriaxone	Steroid for COVID-19 treatment	Non-septate hyphae	21	•Diagnosed as Pulmonary mucormycosis in lungs •Necrotic empyema •Spontaneous pneumothorax	Dead	Placik et al. 2020
6	Male/60	Severe	Diabetes, asthma, hypertension, hyperlipidemia	Dexamethasone Remdesivir Convalescent plasma therapy (single dose)	Hyperglycemia, steroid for COVID-19	Non-septate hyphae	5	•Diagnosed as Pulmonary mucormycosis •Gastric ulcers •Acute diarrhea •Melena •Severe anemia •Fever	Dead	Mekonnen et al. 2021a,  b
7	Male/86	Severe	Hypertension	Hydrocortisone for COVID-19 Ceftriaxone Azithromycin Oseltamivir	Steroid for COVID-19 treatment	Non-septate hyphae	21	•Diagnosed as Pulmonary mucormycosis with Bronchopulmonary fistula •Pulmonary infiltrates •Parenchymal thickening of the whole left lung •Cavitary lesions •Pleural effusion •Opacity of the left maxillary sinus	Dead	Do Monte et al. 2020
8	Female/ 40	Mild	None	Remdesivir Levofloxacin Dexamethasone	Short-term corticosteroid therapy	Non-septate hyphae	8	•Diagnosed as Rhinoorbital mucormycosis •Opacifications of paranasal sinuses	Dead	Veisi et al. 2021
9	Male/38	Mild		Remdesivir Dexamethasone	Short-term corticosteroid therapy	Confirmed with CT scan	18	•Diagnosed as rhino-orbital mucormycosis	Alive	Maini et al. 2021
10	Male/54	Severe	Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DM)	Remdesivir Levofloxacin Dexamethasone	Short-term corticosteroid therapy	Non-septate hyphae	12	•Diagnosed as rhino-orbitocerebral mucormycosis •Unilateral opacifications of the left orbit •Paranasal sinuses	Alive	Veisi et al. 2021
11	Male/41	Mild	Diabetes mellitus	Steroids and hydroxychloroquine	Developed diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)	Confirmed with CT scan	16	•Tissue necrosis from angioinvasion and subsequent thrombosis •Diagnosed as rhinocerebral mucormycosis	Alive	Alekseyev et al. 2021
12	Male/72	Severe	Steroidinduced diabetic, hypothyroid	Ramdevpir Methyl prednisolone convalescent plasma (2 doses)	Impaired immune functioning	Non-septate hyphae	9	•Diagnosed as sino-orbital mucormycosis •Pneumothorax Diagnosed as pulmonary mucormycosis	Alive	Chennamchetty et al. 2021
13	Male/68	Severe	Heart transplant recipient Diabetes mellitus	Remdesivir Hydroxychloroquine Convalescent plasma infusion (single dose) Methylprednisolone Prednisone taper	Previously under immunosuppressive medication for transplantation	Non-septate hyphae	13	•Purplish skin discoloration with fluctuant swelling was noted in the right axilla •Diagnosed as cutaneous mucormycosis	Dead	Khatri et al. 2021
14	Female/32	Mild	Uncontrolled diabetes Left eye complete ptosis and left facial pain	Not mentioned	Immunosuppression due to COVID 19	Confirmed with CT scan	18	•Opacification of the left ethmoid •Maxillary •Frontal sinus	Alive	Saldanha et al. 2021