Table 2.
Bacterial Characteristics
| China (n=485) | South America (n=170) | U.S. (n=284) | Otherg (n=52) | all infected patients (n=502) | All (n=991) | ph | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbapenemases a | |||||||
| Carbapenemase(s) present | 473 (98) | 127 (75) | 249 (88) | 39 (75) | 443 (88) | 888 (90) | <0·0001 |
| bla KPC-2 | 454 (94) | 66 (39) | 124 (44) | 2 (4) | 324 (65) | 646 (65) | <0·0001 |
| bla KPC-3 | 0 | 51 (30) | 105 (37) | 0 | 78 (16) | 156 (16) | <0·0001 |
| other blaKPCb | 2 (0) | 0 | 3 (1) | 0 | 3 (1) | 5 (1) | 0·285 |
| bla NDM-1 | 8 (2) | 14 (8) | 6 (2) | 3 (6) | 16 (3) | 31 (3) | <0·0001 |
| other blaNDMc | 4 (1) | 0 | 0 | 9 (17) | 7 (1) | 13 (1) | 0·153 |
| bla OXA-48 | 0 | 0 | 7 (2) | 25 (48) | 10 (2) | 32 (3) | 0·0003 |
| other blaOXA-48-liked | 3 (1) | 1 (1) | 7 (2) | 5 (10) | 8 (2) | 16 (2) | 0·053 |
| othere | 4 (1) | 3 (2) | 0 | 1 (2) | 4 (1) | 8 (1) | 0·102 |
| No carbapenemase detected | 12 (2) | 43 (25) | 35 (12) | 13 (25) | 59 (12) | 103 (10) | |
| Extended spectrum β-lactamase | |||||||
| bla CTX-M | 395 (81) | 95 (56) | 77 (27) | 31 (60) | 302 (60) | 598 (60) | <0·0001 |
| bla CTX-M-15 | 81 (17) | 77 (45) | 75 (26) | 26 (50) | 121 (24) | 259 (26) | <0·0001 |
| bla CTX-M-65 | 300 (62) | 0 | 1 (0) | 0 | 151 (30) | 301 (30) | <0·0001 |
| bla SHV f | 218 (45) | 18 (11) | 93 (33) | 4 (8) | 155 (31) | 333 (34) | <0·0001 |
| bla TEM f | 0 | 3 (2) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0) | 3 (0) | 0·001 |
| bla AmpC | 51 (11) | 2 (1) | 5 (2) | 6 (12) | 31 (6) | 64 (6) | <0·0001 |
| Multi-locus sequence type | <0·0001 | ||||||
| ST11 | 379 (78) | 76 (45) | 16 (6) | 2 (4) | 250 (50) | 473 (48) | |
| ST258 | 0 | 13 (8) | 163 (57) | 1 (2) | 78 (16) | 177 (18) | |
| ST15 | 78 (16) | 1 (1) | 15 (5) | 2 (4) | 44 (9) | 96 (10) | |
| ST147 | 3 (1) | 2 (1) | 5 (2) | 15 (29) | 14 (3) | 25 (3) | |
| other | 25 (5) | 78 (46) | 85 (30) | 32 (62) | 116 (23) | 220 (22) | |
| K locus | <0·0001 | ||||||
| KL64 | 298 (61) | 3 (2) | 6 (2) | 1 (2) | 165 (33) | 308 (31) | |
| KL107 | 0 | 12 (7) | 96 (34) | 0 | 46 (9) | 108 (11) | |
| KL19 | 69 (14) | 0 | 2 (1) | 0 | 31 (6) | 71 (7) | |
| KL106 | 0 | 1 (1) | 57 (20) | 2 (4) | 29 (6) | 60 (6) | |
| KL47 | 58 (12) | 0 | 1 (0) | 0 | 29 (6) | 59 (6) | |
| KL105 | 2 (0) | 45 (26) | 3 (1) | 1 (2) | 34 (7) | 51 (5) | |
| other | 58 (12) | 109 (64) | 119 (42) | 48 (92) | 168 (33) | 334 (34) | |
| O locus | <0·0001 | ||||||
| O2v1 | 307 (63) | 5 (3) | 14 (5) | 7 (13) | 175 (35) | 333 (34) | |
| O2v2 | 6 (1) | 66 (39) | 171 (60) | 6 (12) | 119 (24) | 249 (25) | |
| other | 172 (35) | 99 (58) | 99 (35) | 39 (75) | 208 (41) | 409 (41) | |
| porin genes | |||||||
| OmpK35 mutation | 441 (91) | 72 (42) | 200 (70) | 13 (25) | 358 (71) | 726 (73) | <0·0001 |
| OmpK36 mutation | 433 (89) | 80 (47) | 89 (31) | 19 (37) | 316 (63) | 621 (63) | <0·0001 |
| Putative virulence genes | |||||||
| aerobactin | 299 (62) | 0 | 4 (1) | 8 (15) | 156 (31) | 311 (31) | <0·0001 |
| colibactin | 3 (1) | 13 (8) | 61 (21) | 3 (6) | 33 (7) | 80 (8) | <0·0001 |
| rmpA2 | 284 (59) | 0 | 1 (0) | 6 (12) | 148 (29%) | 291 (29) | <0·0001 |
| rmpADC | 185 (38) | 0 | 1 (0) | 2 (4) | 97 (19) | 188 (19) | <0·0001 |
| yersiniabactin | 460 (95) | 104 (61) | 119 (42) | 23 (44) | 357 (71) | 706 (71) | <0·0001 |
All data is shown as n (%), unless otherwise noted. WT wild-type; MT mutant.
Totals exceed 100%, as 17 isolates carried more than one carbapenemase gene.
Other blaKPC included blaKPC-12 (2), blaKPC-28 (1), blaKPC-31 (1), blaKPC-34 (1).
Other blaNDM included blaNDM-4 (2), blaNDM-5 (10), blaNDM-7 (1).
Other blaoxa-48-like included blaoxa-163 (1), blaoxa-181 (5), blaoxa-232 (10).
Other carbapenemases included blaVIM-2 (1), blaVIM-24 (2), blaIMP-1 (1), blaIMP-4 (4).
Limited to blaSHV and blaTEM genes that are considered extended spectrum β-lactamase genes, including blaSHV-12 (279), blaSHV-2A (32), blaSHV-110 (8), blaSHV-27 (3), blaSHV-2 (3), blaSHV-30 (2), blaSHV-32 (2), blaSHV-5 (2), blaSHV-100 (1), blaSHV-42 (1), and blaTEM-26 (3).
Australia, Lebanon, and Singapore.
Comparisons between China, South America, and the US.